Lab Practical 2

Question 1

What causes the polarity in a water molecule?

Answer 1

a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms

Question 2

what are the 3 water sources?

Answer 2

drinking water
feed water
metabolic water

Question 3

whats feed water?

Answer 3

moisture in feed that’s not chemically bound to the feed nutrients; varies with feed source

Question 4

How much feed water do grains have?

Answer 4

8-12%

Question 5

How much feed water do forages have?

Answer 5

5% in hays and 90% in lush pastures

Question 6

How much feed water do silages have?

Answer 6

30-50%

Question 7

What’s dry matter?

Answer 7

what’s left after all water is evaporated out of a feed

Question 8

What does dry matter indicate?

Answer 8

The amount of nutrients available to the animal in a certain feed

Question 9

What does the daily amount of Dry Matter consumed depend on in livestock?

Answer 9

Weight and stage of production

Question 10

How much water do pigs drink per day?

Answer 10

2.5-5 gal

Question 11

How much water do sheep drink per day?

Answer 11

1-4 gal

Question 12

How much water do cattle drink per day?

Answer 12

8-16 gal

Question 13

How much water do horses drink per day?

Answer 13

10-14 gal

Question 14

how many part of water are required for DM consumption in poultry and swine?

Answer 14

2 parts water to 1 part DM

Question 15

What’s metabolic water?

Answer 15

Chemically bound and released when nutrients or body tissues are broken down during metabolism

Question 16

What’s the metabolic water of CHO?

Answer 16

0.6 water/ g

Question 17

What’s the metabolic water of CP?

Answer 17

0.4 water/g

Question 18

What’s the metabolic water of fat?

Answer 18

1.0 water/g

Question 19

What could contribute to water loss?

Answer 19

feces
urine
dissipation on skin
milk
eggs

Question 20

What are proteins?

Answer 20

organic compounds that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Question 21

How’s crude protein measured?

Answer 21

nitrogen content is measured and multiplied by 6.25

Question 22

What is included in an AA structure?

Answer 22

Carboxyl group
Amino group
R group
Hydrogen Atom
Chiral Carbon

Question 23

What kind of bonds does the primary structure have?

Answer 23

peptide bonds

Question 24

What’s stabilizing the secondary structure?

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonds

Question 25

Are the R groups active or inactive in the tertiary structure?

Answer 25

inactive

Question 26

Are the R groups active or inactive in the quarternary structure?

Answer 26

active and stabilized by the R groups

Question 27

What’s the primary structure?

Answer 27

chain of AA

Question 28

What’s the secondary structure?

Answer 28

Beta pleated sheets or alpha helix

Question 29

What’s the tertiary structure?

Answer 29

3D structure

Question 30

Quarternary Structure

Answer 30

combo of 2 or more proteins

Question 31

What makes up a Carbohydrate?

Answer 31

C, H, O
1:2:1 ratio

Question 32

What’s a monosaccharide?

Answer 32

simple sugar
1 molecule of sugar
pentoses(5C) or hexoses(6C)

Question 33

Glucose

Answer 33

most important sugar in nutrition
component of disaccharides and starches
Monosaccharide

Question 34

Fructose

Answer 34

fruit sugar
found in grasses
Monosaccharide

Question 35

Galactose

Answer 35

component of milk sugar(lactose)
Monosaccharide

Question 36

Disaccharide

Answer 36

2 monosaccharides linked together with a glycosidic bond

Question 37

What’s a glycosidic bond?

Answer 37

CHO specific

Question 38

Sucrose

Answer 38

glucose+fructose
most common disaccharide
Disaccharide

Question 39

Lactose

Answer 39

galactose+glucose
milk sugar
Disaccharide

Question 40

Maltose

Answer 40

Alpha glucose+Alpha glucose
created mainly when starch is broken down by amylase
Disaccharide

Question 41

Cellobiose

Answer 41

Beta glucose+Beta glucose
no one can break down
Disaccharide

Question 42

Oligosaccharide

Answer 42

3-10 monosaccharides
Trisaccharides and Tetrasaccharides

Question 43

Polysaccharides

Answer 43

> 10 monosaccharides

Question 44

Starch

Answer 44

Amylose and Amylopectin
Polysaccharide

Question 45

Amylose

Answer 45

unbranched chain of alpha linked glucose units

Question 46

Amylopectin

Answer 46

highly branched chain of alpha linked glucose units

Question 47

Fiber

Answer 47

Cellulose and Hemicellulose
Polysaccharide

Question 48

Cellulose

Answer 48

Beta 1-4 linkages

Question 49

Hemicellulose

Answer 49

Beta 1-4 linkages

Question 50

Non-Structural CHO

Answer 50

Sugars and Starches

Question 51

Non-Fiber CHO

Answer 51

Sugars, Starches, and Pectin

Question 52

Structural CHO

Answer 52

Pectin, Hemicellulose, cellulose, and Lignin

Question 53

Neutral Detergent Fiber

Answer 53

Pectin, Hemicellulose, cellulose, and Lignin

Question 54

Acid Detergent Fiber

Answer 54

cellulose and lignin

Question 55

What’s a lipid composed of?

Answer 55

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 56

What do lipids do?

Answer 56

energy storage is 2x the amount of CHO
carriers of fat-soluble vitamins
found in cell membranes
play an important role in cell communication and protection

Question 57

What’s emulsification?

Answer 57

breakdown of large lipid globules

Question 58

What happens when ingesta enters the duodenum?

Answer 58

hormonal response to release bile

Question 59

How is a micelle formed?

Answer 59

bile salts surround long chain fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 60

Triglyceride is

Answer 60

long chain fatty acids+monoglycerides

Question 61

Chylomicron is

Answer 61

triglycerides+proteins