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Musculoskeletal > Lab Practical 2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion ROM

A

20 degrees
firm

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2
Q

ankle plantar flexion ROM

A

50 degrees
firm

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3
Q

inversion ROM

A

30-35 degrees
firm

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4
Q

eversion ROM

A

10-15degrees
hard

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5
Q

subtalar inversion ROM

A

5-15 degrees
firm

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6
Q

subtalar eversion ROM

A

5-10 degrees
hard

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7
Q

MTP flexion ROM

A

30-45 degrees
firm

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8
Q

MTP extension ROM

A

50-70 degrees

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9
Q

ankle dorsiflexion goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: lateral malleolus
proximal arm: lateral midline of the fibula up to head of fibula
distal arm: parallel to the lateral aspect of the 5th metatarsal

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10
Q

ankle plantarfelxion goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: lateral malleolus
proximal arm: lateral midline of the fibula up to the head of fibula
distal arm: parallel to the lateral aspect of the 5th metatarsal

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11
Q

ankle inversion goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: anterior ankle between malleoli
proximal arm: anterior midline of leg along tibial tuberosity
distal arm: anterior midline of second metatarsal

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12
Q

ankle eversion goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: anterior ankle between malleoli
proximal arm: anterior midline of leg along tibial tuberosity
distal arm: anterior midline of second metatarsal

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13
Q

subtalar inversion goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: posterior ankle between malleoli
proximal arm: posterior midline of leg
distal arm: posterior midline of calcaneus

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14
Q

subtalar eversion goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: posterior ankle between malleoli
proximal arm: posterior midline of leg
distal arm: posterior midline of calcaneus

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15
Q

MTP flexion goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: over the dorsal aspect of the MTP joint
Proximal arm: over the dorsal midline of metatarsal
distal arm: over the dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

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16
Q

MTP extension goniometer placement

A

fulcrum: over the dorsal aspect of the MTP joint
Proximal arm: over the dorsal midline of metatarsal
distal arm: over the dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

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17
Q

knee distraction prone

A

prone with strap over thigh
towel roll under distal thigh
pull from ankle
loose pack: 25 degrees

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18
Q

knee distraction seated

A

sitting on edge of table
loose pack: 25 degrees
pull down along long axis

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19
Q

knee anterior glide

A

prone with distal thigh supported towel roll
loose pack: 25 degrees flexion
push anteriorly below knee and distract from ankle

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20
Q

knee posterior glide

A

seated
apply distraction and push on tibia

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21
Q

knee glide with ER or IR

A

prone
towel under knee/right above knee cap

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22
Q

what glide to do if trouble with extension

A

ER

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23
Q

what glide to do if trouble with flexion

A

IR

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24
Q

knee posterior glide supine

A

supine
bent knee
sit on the foot
push tibia posteriorly at joint line

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25
Q

valgus stress test in extension

A

supine
knee extended
abduct leg
hand on medial ankle and lateral knee
push knee medially

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26
Q

positive valgus stress test in extension

A

damage to MCL, posterior oblique ligament, posteromedial capsule, ACL, PCL

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27
Q

valgus stress test in 30 degrees flexion

A

supine
abduct leg
knee flexed 20-30 degrees
hand on medial ankle and lateral knee
apply medial force to knee

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28
Q

positive valgus stress test in flexion

A

MCL, PCL

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29
Q

varus stress test in extension

A

supine with knee extended
abduct leg
hand on lateral ankle and medial knee
laterally rotate ankle
push on knee in lateral direction

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30
Q

positive varus stress test in extension

A

damage to LCL, lateral capsule, PCL

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31
Q

varus stress test 30 degrees flexion

A

supine with leg abducted
knee flexed to 30 degrees
hold lateral ankle and medial knee
apply lateral force to knee

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32
Q

positive varus stress test in flexion

A

damage to LCL

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33
Q

anterior drawer test

A

supine with knees flexed to 90 degrees
place thumbs on anterior aspect of joint lines at knee
pull tibia anteriorly

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34
Q

positive anterior drawer test

A

damage to ACL

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35
Q

posterior drawer test

A

supine with knees flexed to 90 degrees
placee thumbs on anterior aspect of joint lines
push tibia posteriorly

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36
Q

positive posterior drawer test

A

damage to PCL, posterior oblique ligament, ACL

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37
Q

Lachmans Test

A

supine with hip slightly flexed and knee flexed 30 degrees
thigh under patients leg
stabilize distal femur and pull proximal tibia anteriorly

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38
Q

Apley’s compression test

A

prone with the knee flexed to 90 degrees
put long axis compression through tibia into femur
one hand on ankle to apply compression and other hand on foot to IR and ER

39
Q

positive apley’s compression test

A

pain or clicking with rotation
damage to meniscus

40
Q

apley’s distraction test

A

prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees
wrap both hands around distal tibia and place long axis distraction on the tibia and IR and ER

41
Q

positive apley’s distraction test

A

pain or greater rotation
testing for collateral and cruciate ligaments
may provide relief if meniscus injury

42
Q

mcmurrays test

A

supine
hold leg and hold heel while bending knee and flexing hip
bring knee laterally and rotate tibia medially while extending knee

43
Q

positive mcmurrays test

A

palpable clicking or popping in joint with pain
meniscus tear

44
Q

pivot shift test

A

supine
lift involved leg and hold at heel and proximal tibia below knee
apply valgus (lateral) pressure at knee while internally rotating the tibia and move knee into flexion

45
Q

ankle talocrural distraction

A

supine with belt over tibia
grab foot just below ankle joint
pull towards to distract

46
Q

ankle talocrural posterior glide alternative

A

patient has leg on chair
belt around distal tibia and PT waist
belt pulls tibia anteriorly while patient flexes knee

47
Q

how to increase ankle dorsiflexion

A

posterior glide of talus

48
Q

how to increase ankle plantarflexion

A

anterior glide of talus

49
Q

ankle talocrural anterior glide

A

prone
towel under distal tibia
one hand under distal tibia and other pressing down onto heel
distract and then push down

50
Q

distal tibiofibular anterior glide improves

A

PF and eversion

51
Q

distal tibiofibular posterior glide improves

A

DF and inversion

52
Q

distal tibiofibular anterior glide

A

prone
towel under distal tibia
one hand under tibia to stabilize
one hand pushing down on fibula
supine
one hand under tibia and one hand over fibula
push down on fibula

53
Q

distal tibiofibular posterior glide

A

supine
towel under distal tibia
one hand under tibia and one hand over fibula
push down on fibula

54
Q

subtalar distraction

A

supine
towel under ankle
stabilize ankle anteriorly
pull heel outwards

55
Q

subtalar medial glide of calcaneous

A

prone
towel under distal tibia
stabilize ankle posteriorly
push heel medially

56
Q

subtalar lateral glide of calcaneous

A

prone
towel under distal tibia
stabilize ankle posteriorly
push heel laterally

57
Q

what does subtalar medial glide of calcaneous increase?

A

eversion

58
Q

what does subtalar lateral glide of calcaneous increase?

A

inversion

59
Q

anterior drawer sign test

A

patient sitting on edge of table with knees flexed 90 degrees
foot relaxed in slight PF
one hand on anterior distal tibia to stabilize and other hand on posterior calcaneous and talus
apply anterior force

60
Q

postitive anterior drawer sign test

A

anterior translation of talus
tear of anterior talofibular ligament

61
Q

ankle lateral stability

A

sitting on edge of table with ankle slightly PF
knees flexed 90 degrees
one hand on medial aspect of tibia and other with calcaneus
push the calcaneus and talus into inversion

62
Q

positive ankle lateral stability test

A

if talus rocks
tears of anterior and posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments

63
Q

ankle medial stability test

A

sitting on edge of table with ankle neutral
knees flexed 90 degrees
one hand on lateral aspect of tibia and other with calcaneus
push the calcaneus and talus into eversion

64
Q

positive ankle medial stability test

A

if talus rocks
tear of deltoid ligament

65
Q

homan’s sign

A

supine with knee extended
passively and forcibly DF foot

66
Q

positive homan’s sign

A

pain in calf
DVT/ blood clot

67
Q

thompson test

A

prone with knees extended and feet over the edge
squeeze the gastrocnemius / soleus

68
Q

positive thompson test

A

absence of PF
rupture of achilles tendon

69
Q

knee flexion MMT

A

prone
testing knee flexed
stabilize posterior pelvis
apply pressure to posterior leg above ankle joint
biceps femoris: lower leg ER, toes out
semi: lower leg IR, toes in

70
Q

knee flexion MMT gravity eliminated

A

side lying with test leg below
stabilize pelvis and support uppermost lower extremity

71
Q

knee extension MMT

A

seated with towel under test knee
pt. stabilizes by holding sides of table
stabilize femur, pelvis or trunk as necessary
apply resistance to anterior aspect of LE just above ankle

72
Q

knee extension MMT gravity eliminated

A

sidling with test leg below
stand behind pt. pelvis and stabilize and support upper leg

73
Q

knee extensor muscles

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis

74
Q

knee flexor muscles

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris

75
Q

ankle plantar flexion MMT

A

stand on one leg and lift heel off ground
gastrocnemius: knee extended
soleus: knee flexed

76
Q

ankle plantar flexion MMT grading

A

5=25 reps
4/5= 10-24 reps
3/5= 1-9 reps

77
Q

ankle plantar flexion MMT gravity eliminated

A

side lying with leg being tested on bottom
extend hip and knee, ankle neutral

78
Q

foot dorsiflexion and inversion MMT

A

seated with legs off side of table, ankle neutral
stabilize posterior aspect of distal thigh
apply resistance on dorsal surface of medial side of foot in direction of plantar flexion and eversion

79
Q

tibialis anterior motion

A

DF and inversion

80
Q

foot inversion MMT

A

side lying on side to be tested
ankle slightly PF, foot extended over edge of tablee
stabilize over anterior medial aspect of tibia
apply resistance over medial aspect of foot in direction of eversion

81
Q

foot inversion MMT gravity eliminated

A

supine with LE extendeed
ankle of test limb slightly PF
foot extended over table

82
Q

foot dorsiflexion and inversion

A

supine
LE extended, ankle of test foot neutral
foot extended beyond edge of table

83
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

inversion

84
Q

ankle eversion MMT

A

side lying with limb to be tested above
ankle neutral, foot extended over table
stabilize medial aspect of distal leg
apply resistance against lateral border and plantar surface of foot in direction of inversion
peroneus longus: resistance on plantar surface of head of 1st metatarsal
peroneus brevis: resistance applied on lateral border of foot along shaft of fifth metatarsal

85
Q

ankle eversion MMT gravity eliminated

A

supine with lower extremity extended
ankle of test leg neutral
foot beyond edge of table

86
Q

action of Peroneus longus and brevis

A

ankle eversion

87
Q

MTP flexion of 1st toe MMT

A

supine with ankle neutral
stabilize the great toe
apply resistance in direction of MTP extension
applied over plantar surface of proximal phalanx of big toe

88
Q

MTP flexion of 1st toe MMT grading

A

3/5= pt. flexes joint through full ROM without resistance
2/5= pt. flexes joint through partial ROM
1 or 0/5= unable to move

89
Q

MTP extension of 1st toe MMT

A

supine with ankle neutral
stabilize metatarsals
palpate extensor digitorum brevis and longus
apply resistance over dorsal of proximal phalanx of great toe in direction of MTP flexion

90
Q

MTP extension of 1st toe MMT grading

A

3/5= pt flexes joint through full ROM
2/5= pt flexes joint through partial ROM
1/5= no motion but palpation is present
0/5= no motion present

91
Q

IP flexion of 1st toe MMT

A

supine
stabilize proximal phalanges of great toe
apply resistance against distal phalanx of great toe

92
Q

IP extension great toe MMT

A

supine with ankle neutral
stabilize proximal phalanx of great toe
palpate extensor halicus longus
apply resistance on dorsum of distal phalanx of great toe in direction of IP flexion

93
Q

positive pivot shift test

A

damage to ACL
pain and subluxation of tibia

Musculoskeletal (6 decks)

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