Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is subtalar joint arthritis

A

degenerative condition of articular cartilage of STJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

treatment of subtalar joint arthritis

A

conservative and surgical for pain relief and swelling reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

subtalar joint anatomy

A

posterior, middle and anterior facets of calcaneous and talus articulate

medial, posterior, and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments, cervical ligaments

calcaneofibular ligaments limits execessive inversion
deltoid ligament limits eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

causes of subtalar joint arthritis

A

post traumatic: intraarticular fracture of calcaneus or talus fracture
direct injury to plantar surface of talus or AVN of talus
STJ dislocation
STJ arthritis
flatfoot deformity
posterior tibial tendon tendinitis
RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

symptoms of subtalar joint arthritis

A

pain in medial or lateral hind foot
swelling over sinus tarsi
morning stiffness
gets better with activity
worsens in damp, cold weather
worse with WB
limping
limited ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tests for subtalar joint arthritis

A

Xrays: STJ narrowing, osteophytes, sclerosis, cysts
CT scan: alignment, arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

treatment for subtalar joint arthritis

A

conservative: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, icing, US, LLLT, estim, iontophoresis, footwear mods, activity mods, orthotics and bracing if deformity, surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a STJ osteochondral injury

A

injury to the articular surface of taller dome in the ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

causes of STJ osteocondral injury (OLT)

A

single traumatic event or repeat micro-trauma
inversion sprain w/ DF or w/ PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

symptoms of STJ OLT

A

pain, swelling, catching, stiffness, instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

STJ OLT classifications

A

stage 1: fracture
stage 2: partial detachment of osteochondral fragment
stage 3: completely detached fragment without displacement
stage 4: detached and displaced fragment
stage 5: subcentral cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

testing for STJ OLT

A

xray of weight bearing
MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of STJ OLT

A

immobilization
NWB 6 weeks –> progressive WB
icing
US
joint/ soft tissue mobilization
BAPS board
surgery to restore surface anatomy of talar dome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is STJ tarsal coalitions

A

abnormal connection of 2+ bones in the foot
commonly occurs between calcaneus and navicular or between talus and calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

symptoms of STJ tarsal coalitions

A

decreased motion in foot joints
stiffness
pain
rigid flat foot
recurrent ankle sprains
limp
tired legs
muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of STJ tarsal coalitions

A

occurs during fetal development usually
infection
arthritis
previous injury to area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

testing fot STJ tarsal coalitions

A

xrays
CT scan (gold standard)
MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

treatment of STJ tarsal coalitions

A

only if causing symptoms
NSAIDS
massage
ROM exercises
US
steroid injections
orthotics
immobilization
resection surgery
fusion surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome compartments

A

3 with muscles routed from leg to foot
1 with tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery surrounded by muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrom

A

pain in proximal medial arch
parathesias
worse during day
burning and tingling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

pain in proximal medial arch
parathesias
worse during day
burning and tingling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tests and signs for tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

NCV: posterior tibial nerve latency
tinel sign: sharp tap on posterior medial malleolus
pedal plantar sensation
longitudinal arch swelling
pes planus
weakness in posterior tibialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tests and signs for tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

NCV: posterior tibial nerve latency
tinel sign: sharp tap on posterior medial malleolus
pedal plantar sensation
longitudinal arch swelling
pes planus
weakness in posterior tibialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

icing
massage
taping
US
orthotics
wider shoes
NSAIDs
steroid injections
surgery
orthotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

use of orthotics for tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

corrects excessive pronation to reduce pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lis-Franc injury mechanisms

A

type 1: direct force to dorsal of foot, most common, forced hyper plantar flexion with medial/lateral component, MVA, crush injury, fall from high level
type 2: indirect, low energy fall, sports related, twist of fall, twist of PF, forced ER of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

evaluation of Lis-Franc

A

pain with palpation/ WB, swelling in mid region, widening of mid foot, bump on top of mid foot
piano-key test
mid foot squeeze
single limp heel rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hard castle classification for Lis-Franc

A

type A: injuries with an incongruity of whole joint
Type B: injuries where a partial segment in displaced
Type C: first metatarsal is displaced medially and other 4 are displaced laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Myserson classification for Lis-Franc

A

type A (total incongruity)
type B (partial incongruity)
type C (divergent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nunley and Vertullo classification for Lis-Franc

A

stage 1: no diaphysis
stage 2: 2-5mm diaphysis, no arch height loss
stage 3: 2-5mm diaphysis, arch height loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

fleck sign

A

small bony fragment in Lisfranc space
associated with avulsion lisfranc ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

fleck sign

A

small bony fragment in Lisfranc space
associated with avulsion lisfranc ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

treatment of Lisfranc fracture

A

stable: NWB 4-6 weeks, ambulation, rehab exercises
displaced: surgery (open reduction)

32
Q

injury management for Lisfrance fracture

A

NWB 2-3 weeks
WB with specialized boot 1-2 months
gradual WB with walking boot 4-8 weeks
stiff sole show
custom orthotic arch

33
Q

rehab for Lisfranc fracture

A

ankle and foot ROM exercises
toe and mid foot flexibility
massage of mid foot
calf stretching
ankle and foot strengthening
balance
plyometrics
icing
laser
estim

34
Q

avulsion fractures of ankle and foot

A

bone pulled away from ligamentous or tendinous attachment in single impact or repetitive long term impact

35
Q

avulsion fractures of ankle or foot mechanism

A

inversion sprain peroneus brevis

36
Q

symptoms of avulsion fractures of ankle or midfoot

A

pain
swelling
bruising
decreased ROM and strength
gait and ambulation deviations
balance problems

37
Q

diagnosis of avulsion fracture of ankle or midfoot

A

x ray

38
Q

rehab for avulsion fracture of ankle or midfoot

A

acute (2 weeks post op): PROM, icing, reduce edema and pain, massage, US
recovery (0-6 weeks): boot first 3 weeks w/ PWB, AROM for toes and MT joints, strengthen, AROM/PROM for ankle and subtalar joint, proprioception, active resistive ROM, FWB
functional (6-8 weeks post op): strengthening and conditioning of LE, increased neuromuscular control

39
Q

what is plantar fascitis

A

over use injury with inflammatory reaction at insertion of plantar fascia to calcaneus
heel spur in severe cases

40
Q

plantar fascia anatomy

A

fibrous tissue that attaches to medial calcanea tubercle and extends to the forefoot

41
Q

symptoms of plantar fasciitis

A

heel pain and plantar arch pain
WB pain in morning and start of exercise that diminishes and then returns after
ache/bruise at anteromedial regions of calcaneus and point tenderness
persistent pain and inflammation

42
Q

causes of plantar fasciitis

A

training errors
improper footwear
pes cavus (supinating)
pes Plans (pronating) with heel eversion
decreased PF strength
reduced flexibility of PF muscles

43
Q

plantar fasciitis treatment

A

taping
rest
ice
boot, splint, cast
night splint
orthotics
US
laser
injection

44
Q

orthotics for plantar fasciitis

A

effective for plantar fasciitis w/ pes cavus, hyper pronation, increased stress, increased shearing forces

45
Q

achilles tendon

A

connects heel to gastrocnemius and soles heads and inserts into posterior superior third of calcaneus

46
Q

non insertional achilles tendinitis

A

mid portion of tendon
in active, young people
chronic micro tearing
swelling, thickening, calcifying
poor blood supply

47
Q

insertional achilles tendinitis

A

lower portion of tendon
calcifying of tendon
bone spurs

48
Q

insertional achilles tendinitis factors

A

varus deformity
rear foot supination
repetitive stress at heel strike
cavus foot

49
Q

causes of acute non insertional achilles tendinitis

A

recent changes to training
pes cavus
improper footwear

50
Q

symptoms of acute non insertional achilles tendinitis

A

swelling
edema
crepitus
TTP

51
Q

symptoms of chronic non insertional achilles tendinitis

A

burning pain
worse and beginning and end of workout
prone to rupture

52
Q

ROM achilles tendinitis

A

limited DF
excessive rear foot inversion
STJ supination
rigid forefoot

52
Q

ROM achilles tendinitis

A

limited DF
excessive rear foot inversion
STJ supination
rigid forefoot

53
Q

tests for achilles tendinitis

A

xrays
US
MRI

54
Q

treatment of achilles tendinitis

A

ice
taping
heel lifts
NSAIDs
US
BAPS board
stretch posterior leg muscles
orthotics
surgery
restore tendon length and flexibilty
prevent and correct causing factors
return to previous activity

55
Q

factors for achilles rupture

A

men more than women
sudden explosive movement
jumping, running, throwing
corticosteroids and antibiotics

56
Q

signs of complete achilles rupture

A

popping
4-5cm gap
sharp pain
inability to walk

57
Q

rehab for achilles tendon rupture

A

heel lift
ice
US
Estim
stretching
massage
balance
strengthen gastrocsoleus

58
Q

diagnosis achilles tendon rupture

A

thompson test
xrays
ultrasound
MRI

59
Q

open chain, tibia glides ___ with extension?

A

anteriorly

60
Q

open chain, tibia glides ____ with flexion?

A

posteriorly

61
Q

closed chain, femur glides ____ with extension?

A

posteriorly

62
Q

closed chain, femur glides ____ with flexion?

A

anteriorly

63
Q

what motion does tibia move during terminal extension in open chain? what causes this

A

external rotation
because medial condyle is larger

64
Q

what motion does tibia move during flexion in open chain? what causes this?

A

internal rotation
because medial condyle is larger
popliteus and semi membranous helps

65
Q

what motion does femur move during terminal extension in closed chain?

A

internal rotation

66
Q

what motion does femur move during flexion in closed chain?

A

external rotation

67
Q

what direction does patella glide with flexion?

A

distally

68
Q

location of knee pain

A

generally where patient is pointing to

69
Q

pain extending above or below knee could be referred from?

A

lumbar spine

70
Q

L3-S1 locations

A

L3: anterior thigh
L4: knee
L5: lateral thigh, knee, leg
S1: posterior knee

71
Q

what deformity typically occurs with knee OA?

A

genu varum because OA worse on medial side

72
Q

symptoms of knee OA

A

pain, muscle weakness, medial joint laxity, joint stiffness, limited function, disability

73
Q

knee OA risk factors

A

excess weight
past trauma/ surgery
developmental abnormality
quad weakness
abnormal tibia rotation

74
Q

treatment for OA

A

pt. education
taking rests/ breaks
bed positioning
bracing
activity modification
assistive device
ROM exercises
strengthening (quads, glutes, hip abductors)
STM
low impact cardio

75
Q

indication for TKR

A

severe pain with WB
loss of function
extensive loss of cartilage
gross instability
failure of conservative treatment
marked knee deformity

76
Q

types of TKR

A

bicompartmental (tibia and femur replaced)
unicompartmental (femur replaced )
tricompartmental (tibia, femur, and post. patellar replaced)

77
Q

ligaments with TKR

A

meniscus, ACL, PCL removed
MCL and LCL usually stay

78
Q

factors for best outcome TKR

A

60-75yo
healthy weeight
active but not too active
non smokeer
strong uninvolved leg

79
Q

TKR post op precautions

A

reduce swelling
scar mobilization
icing
get to 90 degrees flexion to discharge from hospital
stretching hamstrings, calves, ITB
patellar mobilizations
ankle pump, quad sets, OKC
gait training and WBAT
maintain full knee extension

Musculoskeletal (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions