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Musculoskeletal > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Strain

A

overstretch of soft tissue (muscle)

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2
Q

sprain

A

stress, stretch or tear of ligament

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3
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of joint that can lead to soft tissue damage or inflammation

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4
Q

muscle tear

A

muscle coming off the bone that can be complete or partial

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5
Q

tendinopathy

A

tendon injury from mechanical loading

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6
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

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7
Q

tendoinosis

A

affected by mechanical loading

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8
Q

contusion

A

bruising

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9
Q

overuse syndrome

A

repeated submit load or frictional wear to muscle or bone

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10
Q

dysfunction

A

not working right because of adaptive shortening, adhesions, muscle weakness or loss of mobility

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11
Q

joint dysfunction

A

loss of normal ROM due to immobilization, trauma, disuse, aging or pathology

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12
Q

contracture

A

adaptive shortening of skin, fascia, or muscle which prevents mobility or flexibility

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13
Q

adhesions

A

collagen fibers abnormally adhering to surrounding tissues due to immobility or surgery and causes loss of motion

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14
Q

intrinsic muscle spasm

A

prolonged contraction due to circulatory problems

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15
Q

muscle weakness

A

lack of use or neurological problem of nerves

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16
Q

myofascial compartment syndrome

A

increased interstitial pressure in a compartment that is not expanding

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17
Q

grade 1tissue injury

A

mild pain within 24 hours with mild swelling, local tenderness, and pain with movement

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18
Q

grade 2 tissue injury

A

moderate pain that increases with stress or palpation of the area. Some fibers may be torn which increases joint mobility

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19
Q

grade 3 tissue injury

A

near-complete or complete tear with severe pain

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20
Q

acute stage of tissue healing: duration and effects

A

4-6 days
swelling, redness, heat, pain, loss of function and ROM, muscle guarding

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21
Q

subacute stage of tissue healing: duration and effects

A

14-21 days after onset of injury
inflammation and ROM improves but muscles still weak and pain at end range

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22
Q

chronic stage of tissue healing: duration and effects

A

6months- 1 year
no inflammation but contractures exist. weak muscles and neuromuscular control so increase ROM to prevent adhesions

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23
Q

management of acute phase of tissue healing

A

patient education, control pain and edema, maintain soft tissue and joint mobility, reduce swelling

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24
Q

joint mobilization for acute stage tissue healing

A

grade 1 and 2

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25
Q

management of. subacute phase of tissue healing

A

break adhesions, control for pain, soft tissue mobilization, joint mobilization, reduce swelling

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26
Q

how to gain range of motion in subacute phase of tissue healing

A

muscle relaxation and stretching and use of soft tissue tools
use muscle in new range to maintain

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27
Q

management of chronic phase of tissue healing

A

regain mobility and stability by adding load, working on neuromuscular control and using muscle

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28
Q

chronic recurring pain

A

repeated irritation or inflammation that causes loss in strength

29
Q

contracture effect on mobility

A

causes poor mobility

30
Q

muscular work is what type of motion?

A

rotary motion- angular displacement

31
Q

power relation to neuromuscular excitation

A

more power is due to greater neuromuscular excitation (more motor units recruited)

32
Q

moment arm relationship to force

A

greater moment arm, greater force

33
Q

how does the patella impact quad force

A

increases moment arm and mechanical advantage of quad

34
Q

how to apply force to recruit most motor units

A

apply gradually

35
Q

best range for MMT

A

mid range has maximal cross-linkage of fibers

36
Q

normal MMT

A

strong and painless

37
Q

minor lesion MMT

A

strong but painful

38
Q

major lesion MMT

A

weak and painful

39
Q

weak but painless MMT

A

muscle rupture, atrophy, nervous system disorder, systemic muscle

40
Q

best usage for hand help dynamometry

A

upper extremity, gravity eliminated

41
Q

Thomas tests measures

A

rectus femurs and illiopsoas

42
Q

illiofemoral ligament

A

limits extension and ER

43
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

limits abduction and extension

44
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

limits extension and internal rotation

45
Q

impairments in acute phase

A

inflammation, pain, edema, muscle spasm, joint effusion, restricted movement

46
Q

impairments in subacute phase

A

pain at end ROM, edema, joint effusion, contractures, muscle weakness

47
Q

impairments in chronic phase

A

contractures and adhesions limiting ROM, decreased muscular performance, impact on ADLs

48
Q

how much stronger is dominant side?

A

10%

49
Q

ober test detects weakness of

A

TFL and IT band

50
Q

90 90 test positive test indicates

A

tight hamstrings

51
Q

normal 90 90 test score

A

more than 125 degrees

52
Q

positive ely’s test indicates

A

tight rectus femoris

53
Q

positive ely’s test

A

hip lifts off the table

54
Q

intrinsic core muscles

A

tranverse abdominis
multifidi
pelvic floor
diaphragm

55
Q

intersegmental vertebral stabilization

A

automatic and controlled motor patterns to activate core and correct posture

56
Q

how to stabilize core

A

bracing, side bridges, complex movement patterns, unstable surfaces, coordinate external obliques, erector spine, and rectus abdominis

57
Q

how to improve intrinsic stability

A

add stability above and below

58
Q

what type of measure is function?

A

outcome- includes, muscle performance, endurance, flexibility, coordination, stability, balance

59
Q

how will muscles act in range as you increase mobility

A

weak in full range

60
Q

what problems do bunions show?

A

problem with force dispersion

61
Q

lower quarter posture problems

A

bow leg, knock knees, foot pronation, foot supination

62
Q

upper quarter posture problems

A

forward head, cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, internal rotation of humerus

63
Q

how to correct forward pelvis?

A

activate tranverse abdominis

64
Q

causes of anterior pelvic tilt

A

tight hip flexors
weak glutes
weak abdominals

65
Q

postural results of anterior pelvic tilt

A

lumbar lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
protracted scapula
external rotation of lower extremity

66
Q

position of femur when hip flexors are tight?

A

femur internally rotates

67
Q

tensegrity

A

everything is connected- bilateral connection

68
Q

fascial line example

A

shoulder to hip
knee to ankle
elbow to hand

69
Q

janda’s upper and lower cross syndrome

A

tight cervical flexors
weak lower trap
upper trap is stretched

Musculoskeletal (6 decks)

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