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Bio II > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organization of the body

A

Cells –> tissues –> organ –> systems

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2
Q

Tissue Definition

A

a grouping of similar cell types with similar functions that eventually make up the structure of organs (groups of tissues)

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue Definition

A

lines voids (cavities, organs, or a body); protection, selectively permeable barrier, sensory surfaces, secretion, regenerative, closely packed, polarity (one attached surface [basement membrane, which stains dark] where the cells grow outward from)

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4
Q

Epithelial Tissue Types

A

Simple Squamous

Simple Cuboidal

Simple Columnar

Pseudostratified Columnar

Stratified Squamous

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5
Q

Simple Squamous

A

EPITHELIUM

  • Found in a single layer, irregular, flattened shape
  • Function: Secretion of lubricating substances

Location: Air sacs (alveoli) in lungs; more geometric shape & note capillaries

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6
Q
A

Simple Sqamous

EPITHELIUM

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7
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

EPITHELIUM

  • Single layer, cube like
  • central nuclei looks like a baloon in a box
  • job: secretion + absorption
  • Location: kidney tubules, small gland ducts
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8
Q
A

Simple Cuboidal

EPITHELIUM

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9
Q

Simple Columnar

A

EPITHELIUM

  • Found in a single layer with round/oval nuclei; taller than they are wide
  • Job: absorb, secrete mucus… can also have microvilli
  • Location: digestive tract lining
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10
Q
A

Simple Columnar

EPITHELIUM

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11
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

EPITHELIUM

  • Found in a single layer of cells that appears to be multiple layers due to height variance and location of nuclei
  • May contain goblet cells and bear cilia
  • Job: secrete mucus
  • Location: trachea
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12
Q
A

Pseudostratified Columnar

EPITHELIUM

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13
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

EPITHELIUM

  • Flat cells in more than 1 layer
  • Job: protect underlying tissues
  • Location: epidermis
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14
Q
A

Stratified Squamous

EPITHELIUM

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15
Q

Connective Tissue Definition

A

“cells embedded in a matrix;” protect (defense), structure, & bind together (connective tissue after epithelial to connect to muscle)

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16
Q

Connective Tissue Types

A

Loose Connective (LC)

LC, Adipose

Hyaline Cartilage

Bone

Monocyte (blood)

Neutrophil (blood)

Lymphycyte (blood)

RBC/ Erythrocytes (blood)

Platelets (blood)

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17
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  • gel like matrix with a jumble of fibers
  • job: wrap and cushion
  • location: under skin
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18
Q
A

Loose Connective Tissue

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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19
Q

Adipose Tissue (LC)

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  • Large, round vacuoles (adipose [fat] cells) that have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet
  • job: energy storage, support/protect organs
  • Location: Aveolar connective tissue, subcutaneous tissues, bone marrow; fat
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20
Q
A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Adipose

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21
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  • Smooth, amorphous matrix (that will appear uniformly stained) with cells suspended in it (lacunae and chondrocytes)
  • Job: structure and support
  • Location: joints, trachea
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22
Q
A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Hyaline Cartilage

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23
Q

Lacunae

A

Chambers in hyaline cartilage that contain chondrocytes

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24
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Located in the lacunae in cartilage

Secrete matrix

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25
Q

Lamellae

A

Concentric rings of bone

Contain Haversian Canals

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26
Q

Haversian Canals

A

Canal in the center of bone that allow nerves and blood vessels to reach osteocytes

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27
Q

Osteocytes

A

Sit in lacunae and secrete bone matrix

Canaliculi radiate out of them

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28
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny channels radiating out of osteocyte lacunae

Connect cells with blood supply

29
Q
A

Bone

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

30
Q

Monocyte

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

  • Kidney shaped nucleus
  • Does immune surveillance
31
Q
A

Monocyte

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

32
Q

Neutrophil

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

  • Chunks of nucleus
  • Does immune defense
33
Q
A

Neutrophil

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

34
Q

Lymphocyte

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

  • Whole cell = nucleus
  • Stains purple
  • Immune Response
35
Q
A

Lymphocyte

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

36
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

  • No nucleus
  • Gas exchange
37
Q
A

Red Blood Cell

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

38
Q

Platelets

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE - Blood

  • Smaller than RBC
  • Stain as little purple dots
  • Job: clotting
39
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

contractile tissue, produces movement

Types

  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
  • Skeletal
40
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
  • Voluntary
  • Striated
  • Tubular thick and thin filaments that are regularly attached, causing it to have vertical lines; multinucleated, where nuclei are elongated and pushed to the sides
41
Q
A

Skeletal Muscle

MUSCLE

42
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • Involuntary
  • Striated
  • Lots of intercalated discs
  • Branched
43
Q
A

Cardiac Muscle

MUSCLE

44
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • Involuntary
  • No striations
  • One nucleus
45
Q
A

Smooth Muscle

MUSCLE

46
Q
A

Blastula, Fate Map

Light Blue: Ectoderm

Dark Blue: Ecotoderm –> Nervous Tissue

Red: Mesoderm

Green: Mesoderm –> Notochord

Yellow: Endoderm

47
Q
A

Cross Section of Blastula

  • White Space = blastocoel

Top = Animal Pole

Bottom = Vegetal Pole

48
Q
A

Early Gastrulation

Green = Dorsal Lip of blastopore

  • Movement of cell into 3 germ layers has begun
49
Q
A

Gastrulation

Forming of archenteron (white line pointing to it)

50
Q
A

More Gastrulation

Expansion of arhcenteron

51
Q
A
  • Blastocoel (white) pushed aside by expansion of arch…. eventually disapears
  • Archenterone lined with endoderm
52
Q
A

Completed Gastrulation

  • Blastopore plug at beginning of arch. –> anus
  • 3 germ layers est.
  • Green differentiating into notochord
53
Q
A
  • Green notochord (from meso)
  • Dark Blue ectoderm differentiate into neural tube (induction from notochord)
54
Q
A

Neurulation - Longitudinal Section

  • Fully closed neural tube
  • Anus where blastopore was
  • Gut lined with endoderm (in yellow)
55
Q
A

Neural Crest Migration

  • Open gut and anus
  • Red meso will be muscle
  • Dark red = developing heart and other tissues
  • Noto will be replaced with bone
  • Nerve cord expands to form brain
56
Q

Lable: 1-6

A

Human Ovum and Sperm

  • 2 haploid cells
    1. Corona Radiata
    2. ZP
    3. Egg Cytoplasm
    4. Egg Nucleus
    5. Sperm
    6. First polar body
57
Q

Label 1-5

A

Sperm Enters

  1. ZP
  2. Egg cortex with granules
  3. Egg cytoplasm
  4. Egg pronucleus
  5. First folar body
58
Q

Label 1-4

A

Meiosis II Spindle

  1. Egg chromosome on splindle that is about to complete meiosis II
  2. Spindle MT
  3. Sperm pronucleus
  4. First polar body
59
Q

Label 1-3

A

Both Pronuclei Present

  1. Egg Pro.
  2. Sperm Pro.
  3. Both Polar Bodies
60
Q

Label 1-4

A

Pre-Nuclei Fusion

  1. Egg pro. with haploid set of chromosomes
  2. Sperm pro. with haploid set of chromosomes
  3. Poles forming for first mitotic division
  4. Both polar bodies
61
Q

What do we call this?

What process led to formation?

Hap or dip?

A

Zygote

From fusion of pronuclei

Dipoloid

62
Q

Name the developmental process that has begun.

Give 2 features of this process in deuterostomes.

A
  • Cleavage
  • Radial and splits before growth
63
Q

of cell divisions

type of cell division

A
  • 2
  • Mitosis
64
Q

Label 1-3

Talk about X chromosomes if female

A

16 Cell Stage

  1. Centrosomes
  2. Interphase nuclei of blastomere
  3. Polar bodies

X inactivation!

65
Q

Label 1-8

A

Early Implantation

  1. Primary wall blastula
  2. Blastocoel
  3. iWill be primary endoderm
  4. Bulk of embryo proper
  5. Start of amniotic cavity
  6. Trophoblast cells
  7. Vascularlized endometrium
  8. Endometrial epithelium
66
Q

Label: 1,2,3,4,9,10

A

15 Days Old

  1. Epiblast (ectoderm)
  2. Amnion
  3. Endoderm
  4. Yolk (vitelline sac)
  5. Trophoblast (chorion) cells
  6. Maternal Blood Island
67
Q

Label: 1-3, 5, 6, 7, 10

A

3rd Week

  1. Brain forming
  2. Notochord
  3. Endoderm
  4. Amniotic Cavity
  5. Yolk Sac
  6. Early Heart
  7. Chorionic Villi
68
Q

Label 1-4, 8, 10

A

1 Month

  1. Yolk (vitelline) sac
  2. Penduncle (early umbilical)
  3. Amniotic cavity
  4. Amnion
  5. Chorionic Villus
  6. Embryoinc Blood Vessels

Bio II (6 decks)

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