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Microbiology > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacillaceae

A

bacillus, g-pos

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2
Q

Clostridiaceae

A

bacillus, g-pos

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3
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

A

bacillus, g-neg

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4
Q

Spirochataceae

A

spirochete, g-net

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5
Q

Strepococcaceae

A

coccus, g-pos

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6
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

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7
Q

Lyme

A

Borrelia burgdorferii

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8
Q

Botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

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9
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

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10
Q

Diptheria

A

Corneybacterium diptheriae

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11
Q

Dysentery

A

Shigella dysenteriae

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12
Q

Impetigo, boils, sinusitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

Strep throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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14
Q

Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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15
Q

Pneumonia, bubonic plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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16
Q

Bacillus, g-pos (2)

A

Bacillaceae, Clostridiaceae, Corneybacterium

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17
Q

Bacillus, g-neg

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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18
Q

Spirochete, g-neg

A

Spirochaetaceae

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19
Q

Coccus, g-pos

A

Strepococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae

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20
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Anthrax

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21
Q

Borrelia burgdorferii

A

Lyme

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22
Q

Clostridium botulininum

A

Botulism

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23
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus

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24
Q

Corneybacterium diptheriae

A

Diptheria

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25
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A

Dysentery

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26
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Impetio, boils, sinusitis

27
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Strep throat

28
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

29
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Pneumonia, bubonic plague

30
Q

Bacillus shape

A

rod

31
Q

Coccus shape

A

sphere

32
Q

Vibrio shape

A

comma

33
Q

Spirillum shape

A

corkscrew

34
Q

Spirochete shape

A

helix

35
Q

Staphylo-

A

Clusters. Cocci

36
Q

Strepto-

A

Chains. Cocci, bacilli

37
Q

What is the purpose of using aseptic technique?

A

To minimize the probability of contamination of you by your cultures, your culture by you, and of your cultures by the environment.

38
Q

What tools do you use the incinerator for?

A

Inoculating loops/needles, and other devices

39
Q

How do you disinfect forceps?

A

Place the tips of the forceps into a bowl of alcohol and use the heat of the incinerator to expedite the evaporation of the alcohol.

40
Q

What steps are taken to minimize the risk of contaminating agar in a petri dish?

A

Upside down, lift the base off the lid and avoid unnecessary talking, prevent the falling of dust by holding upside down, only open plate as long as is needed.

41
Q

What is the purpose of the streak isolation technique?

A

To promote the growth of distinct, separate colonies of a pure culture.

42
Q

Why incinerate your loop when streaking for isolation?

A

This helps eliminate excess cells from the loop.

43
Q

What information on cell morphology can a simple stain provide? What can it not provide?

A

Shape and arrangement of bacterial cells.

It does not tell us anything about gram-pos vs neg, nor if endospores or other cell structures are present.

44
Q

Why air-dry a slide before a simple stain?

A

Air-drying allows the cells to become partially dehydrated, which protects cellular shape and arrangement.

45
Q

Why heat-fix cells on to a slide?

A

Heat fixing further dehydrates the cells, protecting their shape and increasing their affinity to the glass slide so that they don’t wash off during staining procedures. Heat fixing also kills vegetative cells, making pathogens safer to work with.

46
Q

What are the steps of the Gram stain?

A
  1. Crystal violet - primary stain
  2. Gram’s iodine - mordant (increases retention of the stain)
  3. 95% ethyl alcohol - decolorizer. (removes purple from gram-negative cells)
  4. Safranin - counterstain.
47
Q

Gram-positive bacteria

A

Thick peptidoglycan-containing cell wall. Retain primary stain.

48
Q

Gram-negative

A

LPS-containing outer membrane. Lose primary stain, retain counterstain safranin.

49
Q

What does the Gram stain tell us?

A

Differentiates between G-pos and G-neg

50
Q

Gram stain 1

A

Crystal violet - primary stain

51
Q

Gram stain 2

A

Gram’s iodine - mordant

52
Q

Gram stain 3

A

95% ethyl alchohol - decolorizer

53
Q

Gram stain 4

A

Safranin - counterstain

54
Q

What is an endospore?

A

A highly modified cellular structure that remains dormant until environmental conditions become favorable for vegetative growth.

55
Q

What is an endospore resistant to?

A 
Heat
Drying
UV light
Freezing
Many disinfectants/antiseptics
56
Q

What is sporulation?

A

The process of endospore formation. It is a highly modified binary fission.

57
Q

What is the process of sporulation?

A
  • DNA of the cell is replicated
  • Spore septum is produced, dividing the future spore from the rest of the cell
  • Cell membrane envelops the spore septum
  • Outside layers of the spore are added, producing a tough and environmentally stable structure
  • Dead vegetative cell will lyse, releasing the endospore
58
Q

Endospore stain 1

A

Malachite green - primary stain. Stains the endospore coat.

59
Q

Endospore stain 2

A

Water - decolorizer

60
Q

Endospore stain 3

A

Safranin - counterstain. Stains the vegetative cells.

61
Q

Why is heat used in the endospore stain?

A

Heat softens the endospore coat, increasing its porosity in order to better take up the primary stain (Malachite green).

62
Q

What bacterial families are known to produce endospores?

A

Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae

63
Q

What structure is commonly used by bacteria for motility?

A

Flagella

64
Q

Are all bacteria motile?

A

No

Microbiology (7 decks)

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