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Sociology > Lab Practical (1-4) > Flashcards

Lab Practical (1-4) Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cranial

A

superior, toward head of body

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2
Q

caudal

A

inferior, toward tail end, opposite of head/cranial

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3
Q

ventral

A

anterior for humans, toward belly (think ventriloquist)

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4
Q

dorsal

A

toward back, (think dorsal fin on back)

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5
Q

medial

A

toward midline, middle of body)

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6
Q

lateral

A

opposite of medial, away from midline (think to the Left)

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7
Q

proximal

A

near axial skeleton (think close in proximity)

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8
Q

distal

A

opposite of proximal (think distant)

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9
Q

sagital plane

A

right and left halves

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10
Q

coronal plane

A

front and back halves

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11
Q

transverse plane

A

top and bottom halves, perp. to sag. (think trans)

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12
Q

medial in mouth

A

midline at front of mouth

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13
Q

distal in mouth

A

very opposite of medial, behind molars (think distant)

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14
Q

lingual in mouth

A

toward tongue (think Language)

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15
Q

buccal in mouth

A

toward cheeks (think bucees - big cheeks)

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16
Q

occlusal

A

chewing surface of each tooth

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17
Q

flexion

A

to flex, bending movement of limb

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18
Q

extension

A

extending limbs, pop of flexion

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19
Q

abduction

A

move body part away from midline sag. (think abducting away)

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20
Q

adduction

A

opp. of abduct, adding towards midline sag

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21
Q

rotation

A

rotate limbs on long axis

22
Q

pronation

A

to turn limbs palm face down (think Posterior)

23
Q

supination

A

to turn limbs palm face up (think wassup)

24
Q

strepsirrhines- who and where

A

Lemurs- only found in Madagascar (southeastern coast of Africa)
Lorises- found in both mainland and Africa and Asia
Galagos- only found in mainland Africa

25
Q

strepsirrhines- features

A

post orbital bar
grooming claws (only streps)
tooth comb (only streps)
rhinarium
nocturnal

26
Q

Halplorhini- features

A

no toothcomb
post orbital bar and plate
no rhinarium
fused frontal bone
diurnal

27
Q

Platyrrhini

A

2.1.3.3 (premolars)
arboreal
low sexual dimorphism
nostrils face forward

28
Q

Catarrhini

A

2.1.2.3
arboreal & terrestrial
nostrils downwards
diurnal
some high sexual dimorphism

29
Q

Cercopithecoidea

A

bilophodant molars (4 cusps)
thorax is M-L narrow
tail present

30
Q

Hominoidea

A

Y-5 molars
tail absent

31
Q

Calltrichinae

A

2.1.3.2
give birth to twins
re evolved claws
ex: tamarin, marmoset

32
Q

Cercopithinae

A

mostly frugivorous
low molar cusps
broad incisors
more terrestrial
cheek pouches
ex: baboon

33
Q

Colibinae

A

mostly folivorous
narrow incisors
high molar cusps
sacculated stomach
more arboreal
ex: black and white colobus monkey

34
Q

Hylobatidae

A

lesser apes
small bodied
true brachiation
ex: gibbon

35
Q

Ponginae

A

Asia
large bodied
mostly arboreal
ex: orangutan

36
Q

Homininae

A

american apes
humans
gorillas
chimp

37
Q

Frugivores- pros

A

fruit
High in energy and nutrients
easy to find and digest

38
Q

Frugivores- cons

A

low in protein
seasonal
expend more energy in finding fruit

39
Q

Frugivoore- body

A

broad incisors, low cusps, shorter shearing crests
larger: rely on leaves for protein
smaller: rely on insects for protein

40
Q

Kay’s Threshold

A

all insectivorous primates < 500g
while all folivorous primates
> 500g
frugivorous primates span a broad range of body sizes (30g –
80 kg).

41
Q

Jarmen Bell Principle

A

larger primates eat more abundant but lower quality foods
smaller primates tend to consume rarer but higher quality foods

42
Q

Folivores- pros

A

leaves
mature leaves abundant
high in protein
easy to find
little energy to find them

43
Q

Folivores-cons

A

young leaves seasonal
low in sugars
hard to digest and masticate
lots of energy to digest, but not find
need gut specializations

44
Q

Folivores- body

A

Sacculated stomach or enlarged colon
elongated intestines
sharp, well developed shearing crests, narrower incisors than frugivores
larger primates

45
Q

Insectivores- pros

A

insects
high in protein & carbs
abundant

46
Q

Insectivores- cons

A

must hunt, hard catch
hard find
can be seasonal
energy expend to catch

47
Q

Insectivores- body

A

sharp high molar cusps, shearing crests well developed to cut into exoskeleton
short simple gut
smaller primates

48
Q

Omomyoids- rooneyia fossil traits

A

dental formula: 2.1.3.3
post-orbital bars
bunodont (rounded cusps)- frugivorous
diurnal, small orbits

49
Q

omomyoids- necrolelmur fossil traits

A

bunodont molars- frugivorous
2.1.3.3/2.1.2.3
large orbits, nocturnal
leaping- long femur, partial fused tibia and fibula

50
Q

Adapoids- adapis fossil traits

A

Sociology (5 decks)

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