Exam 2

Question 1

Surveillance

Answer 1

pervasive and self monitoring, record keeping, disciplining and punishments, hierarchy of surveillance

Question 2

Class system

Answer 2

Wright says Form of social stratification based on income, education, and occupation.
Society divided into different social classes based on these factors

Question 3

Marx’s View on Class

Answer 3

Depends on relationship to means of production (tools, capital use, factory, wealth)

Question 4

False Consciousness

Answer 4

Marx’s thoughts that attitudes held by a class that do not represent their social position

Question 5

Class Consciousness

Answer 5

Marx’s views on a class’ awareness of common interests and the need for collective action for change

Question 6

Weber’s View on class

Answer 6

Power: The ability to control others
Property: Wealth
Prestige: Admiration and Fame

Question 7

Wrights view on class

Answer 7

More class positions than Marx thought
ppl can vary in their ownership and their control over others’ labor
(petit Bourgeoise: self employed capitalists)
Contradictory Class positions: class position with elements that may not match up

Question 8

Social Stratification

Answer 8

division of large numbers of people into layers divded by power, prestige, property
can relate to people within or between societies

Question 9

Why is stratification universal?

Answer 9

Davis & Moore Functionalists perspective,
Tumin Critical Perspective, and Mosca’s conflict perspective

Question 10

Davis & Moore Functionalists Perspective

Answer 10

certain positions must be filled, some positions are more important, more important positions require qualifications, rewards must be offered for motivation

Question 11

Tumin Critical Perspective

Answer 11

are high reward positions more important? Is society really meritocratic? Says social stratification is dysfunctional

Question 12

Mosca’s Conflict Perspective

Answer 12

society must be organized by leadership, leadership requires inequality, humans are selfish– rewards are hoarded

Question 13

Low Social Status Consequences

Answer 13

poorer physical health, poorer mental health, family life issues, decreased access to education, less involvement in politics, in whole less life opportunities

Question 14

Social Mobility

Answer 14

The ability to move up and down the ladders between social classes

Question 15

Intergenerational Mobility

Answer 15

change family members make in social class that changes from one generation to the next

Question 16

Structural mobility

Answer 16

changes in society let large numbers of people to move up or down social class ladders

Question 17

Exchange mobility

Answer 17

large numbers move down the ladder while large numbers move up, exchanging positions so social class system show little change

Question 18

Horatio-Alger myth

Answer 18

If you work hard enough anyone can get ahead

Question 19

Culture of Poverty

Answer 19

the belief that the behavior/values of poor are largely responsible for their poverty and parents for passing it on

Question 20

Global Stratification theories

Answer 20

Colonialism: European countries invaded and exploited other countries for their labor and natural resources, making “economic colonies”
World Systems Theories: There is a world system where some countries exploit others
Culture of Poverty: Cultures of least industrialized nations hold back their development

Question 21

Neocolonialism

Answer 21

The most industrialized countries have economic and political dominance over the least. (not military)

Question 22

Multinational corporations

Answer 22

most industrialized nations benefit most, though elites in most industrialized nations can form partnerships with corporations for gain

Question 23

World Systems Theory

Answer 23

Wallerstein
countries regions split:
core: technologically advanced industrial capitalist nations
periphery: poor countries that primarily subsist by exporting primary products
semi-periphery: countries that act as a mediator between core and periphery
world system maintains dominance of the core

Question 24

Power Elites

Answer 24

C. Wright Mills
power: the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others
power elite: the top people in US constitutions, military and politics that make decisions
members know each other and view themselves as an elite

Question 25

iron law of oligarchy

Answer 25

principle that states any thing democratically run will end up as a bureaucracy with a few elites in power in charge.

Question 26

Macro sociology

Answer 26

Sociology studied over the majority

Question 27

Micro sociology

Answer 27

How people interact with each other (small scale)

Question 28

Dramaturgy (Goffman)

Answer 28

Goffman says individuals act like they are on a stage performing when they act in everyday life.

Question 29

What contributes to teenage consumerism

Answer 29

Ads targeting teenagers, and the need for teenagers to fit in by consuming latest products to show their status

Question 30

Kinds of solidarity (Durkheim)

Answer 30

Mechanical: the unity (shared consciousness) ppl feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
Organic: interdependence that results from the division of labor, as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs

Question 31

Geimenshchaft

Answer 31

A life that is intimate, everyone knows everyone else and ppl share sense of togetherness

Question 32

Gehlsellchaft

Answer 32

dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments and self-interest.

Question 33

Roles & Status

Answer 33

Roles: parts society expects to play in given status. performing the interpretation you give a role, your style
Status: ascribed, assigned at birth (race, gender) achieved, voluntary (spouse, lawyer) master, overshadows all other statuses (extreme wealth, disability)
Statuses are occupied and roles are played.

Question 34

Bureaucracies (positive)

Answer 34

Fairness and consistency, efficiency
Promotes systematic functioning
Creates organized framework
Remains stable, resistant to change

Question 35

Bureaucracies (negative)

Answer 35

Red tape
Alienation
Lack of communication
Iron role of oligarchy (power rests with small amt of ppl)

Question 36

Disenchantment (Weber)

Answer 36

As technology increases, individuals become less connected with what were doing in daily life. Everything must be able to be comprehended by humans, nothing remains a mystery or an enchanted thought.

Question 37

4 Dimensions of Mcdonaldization (what gave rise to it)

Answer 37

rationalization!
calculability: quantity over quality
Predictability: standardizing services to ensure consistency
Control- tech and strict procedures to minimize human mistakes
Efficiency- making everything run smooth/quick with repetition

Question 38

How is Poverty depicted in media?

Question 39

What is the sociological explanation for why the mai lai massacre happened?

Answer 39

Obedience to authority, group conformity (matching group norms), cultural bias

Question 40

What do bureaucracies offer?

Answer 40

They are necessary for the function of workers, without it they would not know what to do.