Exam 1

Question 1

Communist Manifesto

Answer 1

Karl Marx explaining the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats in means of production

Question 2

Bourgeoisie

Answer 2

the class of modern capitalists, they are the employers of wage laborers, and the owners of the means of production

Question 3

means of production

Answer 3

physical instruments like tools and machines, methods of working skills, division of labor

Question 4

mode of production

Answer 4

economic structure of society that defines people’s mode of living–means of production as well as relations of production

Question 5

capitalism

Answer 5

capitalist mode of production which the means of production are owned privately by a small class of capitalists who profit off workers (i.e. stockholders in a corporation

Question 6

proletariat

Answer 6

the class of modern wage-laborers–they don’t own the means of production, must sell their own labor to survive

Question 7

relations of production

Answer 7

relations between people required for a certain form of material production–the distribution of the product (i.e. the relationship between an employer and an employee, landlord and tenant, buyer and seller)

Question 8

Karl Marx

Answer 8

writes the communist manifesto to show the proletarian’s struggle is national. started after the revolutionary war and the violent overthrow of the bourgiesie. The proletariat’s must overthrow the bourgiese in order to get out of their hold or else they become poorer and poorer.
economic conditions drive historical change, economic surplus drives every society

Question 9

Max Weber

Answer 9

Argues that the values of protestantism were the driving forces for capitalist development

Question 10

The Protestant Calling

Answer 10

A task sent by God, shapes every day activity and how one’s character should be, labor is the one way to show one is saved

Question 11

The spirit of capitalism

Answer 11

it Is your duty to generate wealth

Question 12

Differences between Marx and Weber?

Answer 12

Marx- says capitalism takes over our economy and is unfair for the proletariat’s that have to work all their life
Weber- shapes working as a requirement around religion and is the only way one can be saved
ultimate difference? religion.

Question 13

Weber (Verstehen)

Answer 13

To understand
be knowledgable of others feeling’s, similar to empathy
this happens through relating to their situations

Question 14

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 14

Assigning symbolic meaning to names, places, things, events
we name things then react to the implications carried by the name
conveys messages about how to react/feel to stimuli

Question 14

Conflict Theory

Answer 14

Conflict theorists (developed by Marx) says that society is based on groups that compete with each other for scarce resources

Question 15

Functionalism

Answer 15

Each person in society has various parts that each have a role, when this role is complete it contributes to society’s equilibrium (i.e. a family each has roles in a house)

Question 16

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 16

Sapir and Whorf’s hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving, objects and events don’t force themselves into our consciousness, our language determines our consciousness and our perception of objects and events (i.e. different cultures perceive “time” in a different way)

Question 17

Cooley’s Looking glass self

Answer 17

self perception is based off an individual’s:
beliefs on how others perceive them
observations of how others react
interpretations of how others react
As a whole it is how you look at yourself based on what others show they see you as

Question 18

Mead’s theories of selfhood

Answer 18

The I and the Me statements
I- what I want to do, what I would rather do when thinking of myself
Me- the social conformer, I know I need to do this so I must for myself
Generalized other- social expectations, standards, viewpoints, and attitudes
self- I and Me and generalized other combined

Question 19

Freudian Psychoanalysis

Answer 19

Ego-Conscious: How one protects themselves, not about the end outcome its about the means/ why
Superego-Preconscious: Social monitor, guilt for doing something wrong, ideals and morals, incorporated from parents
Id-Unconscious: Basic impulses (sex and aggression) seeks immediate gratification, irrational and impulsive

Question 20

Politics of Language (Moore on racist English)

Answer 20

Moore explains that language surrounding racism is very common in the English language. (white is used to describe pretty, innocent, delicate things while Black is used to describe dark, evil, bad things)

Question 21

Mead’s development stages of self

Answer 21

1. Imitation stage- young age, imitating parent’s gestures and words- no ability to take role of other
   2.Play stage- taking on the role of one other (pretend stage)
   3.Game stage- taking on the role of many others in one situation
2. generalized stage- taking on the role of many others in various situations

Question 22

Durkheim

Answer 22

society works based on common solidarity, solidarity: shared beliefs, feelings, norms, this creates sense of belonging in a community

Question 23

Collective Conscience

Answer 23

Durkheim says connected values and norms connect people, makes compassion for others

Question 24

Durkheim – Suicide

Answer 24

Discovered it was something socially that caused suicide

Question 25

Social Solidarity

Answer 25

social cohesion and how society is held together, social integration how attached we are to our community’s ideals/beliefs
social regulation how restricted we are from doing certain things in our community

Question 26

Anomic suicide

Answer 26

weak regulation
suicide during economic upheaval or rapid change (big financial crisis, major societal shifts)

Question 27

Fatalistic suicide

Answer 27

excessive regulation
suicides during extreme social control or oppressive conditions
(more likely men, veterans, protestants than catholics)

Question 28

Egoistic suicide

Answer 28

weak social ties
alienation/isolation lack of social connection

Question 29

Altruistic suicide

Answer 29

strong social ties
loyalty to others, group oriented, extreme acts of self sacrifice (suicide bombing, cult in Waco)

Question 29

Hegel

Answer 29

ideas and human consciousness drive historical change, changes in thought precede changes in material world

Question 30

Value Neutrality

Answer 30

refers to weber, free from bias or completely objective

Question 31

Berger’s Invitation to sociology

Answer 31

Things are not always what they seem
mindful ppl look underneath the surface to what people undergo

Question 32

sociological mindfulness

Answer 32

collective actions shape our reality
social reality built from shared beliefs and practices from our world
U I D: helps you examine unity in diversity

Question 33

Sociology

Answer 33

the study of human life in groups, forcing people to examine their social characteristics

Question 34

Sociological Imagination

Answer 34

connects micro (personal) and macro (social) levels
personal linked to larger social structures (people not wanting to pay for college links to less people in college)

Question 35

Development of sociology

Answer 35

the cultural revolution- the rise of science over religion, Age of Enlightenment, French/american revolutions – uprising of 1848

Question 36

French Revolution

Answer 36

challenged traditional rule and brought democratic ideas
enlightenment philosophers: individual is primary, in social aspect, personal freedom, individual liberty
traditionalists (conservatives):
society is primary, shaped by social institutions– you have no rights you have duties (family, church, etc), based on tradition