Exam 1 Flashcards
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx explaining the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats in means of production
Bourgeoisie
the class of modern capitalists, they are the employers of wage laborers, and the owners of the means of production
means of production
physical instruments like tools and machines, methods of working skills, division of labor
mode of production
economic structure of society that defines people’s mode of living–means of production as well as relations of production
capitalism
capitalist mode of production which the means of production are owned privately by a small class of capitalists who profit off workers (i.e. stockholders in a corporation
proletariat
the class of modern wage-laborers–they don’t own the means of production, must sell their own labor to survive
relations of production
relations between people required for a certain form of material production–the distribution of the product (i.e. the relationship between an employer and an employee, landlord and tenant, buyer and seller)
Karl Marx
writes the communist manifesto to show the proletarian’s struggle is national. started after the revolutionary war and the violent overthrow of the bourgiesie. The proletariat’s must overthrow the bourgiese in order to get out of their hold or else they become poorer and poorer.
economic conditions drive historical change, economic surplus drives every society
Max Weber
Argues that the values of protestantism were the driving forces for capitalist development
The Protestant Calling
A task sent by God, shapes every day activity and how one’s character should be, labor is the one way to show one is saved
The spirit of capitalism
it Is your duty to generate wealth
Differences between Marx and Weber?
Marx- says capitalism takes over our economy and is unfair for the proletariat’s that have to work all their life
Weber- shapes working as a requirement around religion and is the only way one can be saved
ultimate difference? religion.
Weber (Verstehen)
To understand
be knowledgable of others feeling’s, similar to empathy
this happens through relating to their situations
Symbolic Interactionism
Assigning symbolic meaning to names, places, things, events
we name things then react to the implications carried by the name
conveys messages about how to react/feel to stimuli
Conflict Theory
Conflict theorists (developed by Marx) says that society is based on groups that compete with each other for scarce resources
Functionalism
Each person in society has various parts that each have a role, when this role is complete it contributes to society’s equilibrium (i.e. a family each has roles in a house)
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Sapir and Whorf’s hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving, objects and events don’t force themselves into our consciousness, our language determines our consciousness and our perception of objects and events (i.e. different cultures perceive “time” in a different way)
Cooley’s Looking glass self
self perception is based off an individual’s:
beliefs on how others perceive them
observations of how others react
interpretations of how others react
As a whole it is how you look at yourself based on what others show they see you as
Mead’s theories of selfhood
The I and the Me statements
I- what I want to do, what I would rather do when thinking of myself
Me- the social conformer, I know I need to do this so I must for myself
Generalized other- social expectations, standards, viewpoints, and attitudes
self- I and Me and generalized other combined
Freudian Psychoanalysis
Ego-Conscious: How one protects themselves, not about the end outcome its about the means/ why
Superego-Preconscious: Social monitor, guilt for doing something wrong, ideals and morals, incorporated from parents
Id-Unconscious: Basic impulses (sex and aggression) seeks immediate gratification, irrational and impulsive
Politics of Language (Moore on racist English)
Moore explains that language surrounding racism is very common in the English language. (white is used to describe pretty, innocent, delicate things while Black is used to describe dark, evil, bad things)
Mead’s development stages of self
- Imitation stage- young age, imitating parent’s gestures and words- no ability to take role of other
2.Play stage- taking on the role of one other (pretend stage)
3.Game stage- taking on the role of many others in one situation - generalized stage- taking on the role of many others in various situations
Durkheim
society works based on common solidarity, solidarity: shared beliefs, feelings, norms, this creates sense of belonging in a community
Collective Conscience
Durkheim says connected values and norms connect people, makes compassion for others
Durkheim – Suicide
Discovered it was something socially that caused suicide
Social Solidarity
social cohesion and how society is held together, social integration how attached we are to our community’s ideals/beliefs
social regulation how restricted we are from doing certain things in our community
Anomic suicide
weak regulation
suicide during economic upheaval or rapid change (big financial crisis, major societal shifts)
Fatalistic suicide
excessive regulation
suicides during extreme social control or oppressive conditions
(more likely men, veterans, protestants than catholics)
Egoistic suicide
weak social ties
alienation/isolation lack of social connection
Altruistic suicide
strong social ties
loyalty to others, group oriented, extreme acts of self sacrifice (suicide bombing, cult in Waco)
Hegel
ideas and human consciousness drive historical change, changes in thought precede changes in material world
Value Neutrality
refers to weber, free from bias or completely objective
Berger’s Invitation to sociology
Things are not always what they seem
mindful ppl look underneath the surface to what people undergo
sociological mindfulness
collective actions shape our reality
social reality built from shared beliefs and practices from our world
U I D: helps you examine unity in diversity
Sociology
the study of human life in groups, forcing people to examine their social characteristics
Sociological Imagination
connects micro (personal) and macro (social) levels
personal linked to larger social structures (people not wanting to pay for college links to less people in college)
Development of sociology
the cultural revolution- the rise of science over religion, Age of Enlightenment, French/american revolutions – uprising of 1848
French Revolution
challenged traditional rule and brought democratic ideas
enlightenment philosophers: individual is primary, in social aspect, personal freedom, individual liberty
traditionalists (conservatives):
society is primary, shaped by social institutions– you have no rights you have duties (family, church, etc), based on tradition
