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BIO 102 > lab prac 1 > Flashcards

lab prac 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

coccus

A

sphere shaped

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2
Q

bacillus

A

rod-like shape

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3
Q

spirillum

A

spiral or squiggle shaped

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4
Q

strepto-

A

chain-like structure

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5
Q

staphylo-

A

clustered structure

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6
Q

diplo-

A

paired structure

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7
Q

What does a bacterial colony look like on an inoculated petri dish (“naked eye” view)?

A

has a white, creamy color and is normally circular in shape

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8
Q

whiplike extension that rotates like a propeller

A

flagellum

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9
Q

short, hairlike projections made of protein

A

pili

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10
Q

a rigid barrier that surrounds the cells of most bacteria and archaea, gives a cell its shape

A

cell wall

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11
Q

the region where this DNA is located, along with some RNA and a few proteins

A

nucleoid

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12
Q

a sticky layer of proteins or polysaccharides that may surround the cell wall and helps with attachment to surfaces, resistance to drying, and protection from immune system cells

A

capsule (glycocalyx)

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13
Q

are bacterial cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

prokaryotic

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14
Q

Which bacterial cell features can be seen with a light microscope?

A

size, shape, and types of bacteria

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15
Q

what other domains are prokaryotic besides bacteria?

A

archaea

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16
Q

how can you measure antibiotic effectiveness?

A

by using a sensitivity plate and testing the antibiotic to see if it is rather larger in size, if it is than that means the antibiotic was more potent or more effective

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17
Q

what is the antibiotic disk on a sensitivity plate?

A

it is the disk where the antibiotic is (the small dot in the middle of the larger circle)

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18
Q

what is the zone of inhibition on a sensitivity plate?

A

it is the circular area around the spot of the antibiotic where the colonies don’t grow; the larger the circle, the more effective the antibiotic

19
Q

what is the bacterial lawn on a sensitivity plate?

A

it is the area on the plate in which the bacteria was spread across in a thick suspension to support growth throughout the entire surface

20
Q

where is bacteria found?

A

bacteria is found anywhere on earth, bacterial cells can sustain extreme climates and conditions; there is no place on earth without bacteria

21
Q

which bacteria are photosynthetic?

A

cyanobacteria (anabaena, nostoc, gloeocapsa, oscillatoria)

22
Q

they carry out the conversion of energy from the sunlight into chemical energy, they are responsible for the Earth’s transition from a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere to the present-day atmosphere

A

the importance of cyanobacteria

23
Q

Are cyanobacteria a common ancestor of plants, or are they extant species having an ancestor in common with plants?

A

they are a common ancestor of plants

24
Q
  • they are eukaryotic but don’t seem to fit in with any of the other more common eukaryotic groups
  • many are unicellular, but there are colonial, filamentous, and parenchymatic (sheet-like) forms as well
  • some photosynthesize but can move around
  • others act as decomposers like fungi but have cellulose in their cell walls (not chitin)
A

the reasons why protists have such a complicated phylogeny and taxonomy

25
Q

what has recently occurred to help classify protists? is that activity continuing?

A

grouping species according to a common ancestor in a clade which formed five accepted supergroups, yes it is continuing

26
Q

What do mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclear membranes have to do with evolution?

A

they arose from a symbiosis between aerobic prokaryotes and host anaerobic eukaryotic ancestors.

27
Q

What are the ancestral relationships?

A

the superclades that are closely related are excavate, rhiazaria, archaeplastida, and ameobazoa; the other two that are closely related to each other are stamenopila and alveolata which form chomalveolata

28
Q

Which supergroup and clade are pathogens found in?

A

excavata

29
Q

what is the disease caused by Giardia and what body part is affected?

A

it causes giardiasis and the body part affected is the intestinal walls/tract of its host which causes cramping, diarrhea, and nausea

30
Q

what is the disease caused by Trypanosoma and what body part is affected?

A

different species cause sleeping sickness and Chagas in humans, the body part that can be affected over time is the heart and intestines

31
Q

what is the disease caused by Trichomonas and what body part is affected?

A

it causes the STD, Trichomoniasis, symptoms can include vaginitis and increase risk of HIV; it is found along the mucus coated lining of the human reproductive system and urinary tract

32
Q

what is red tide and which of the protists is involved in its cause?

A

dinoflagellates are involved in red tide and red tide is a sudden population bloom of dinoflagellates that turn the water red, orange, or brown

33
Q

what is the nutrition mode for excavata

A

heterotrophs but some have chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis (mixotrophic)

34
Q

what is the nutrition mode for sar

A

heterotrophic or autotrophic from secondary endosymbiosis

35
Q

what is the nutrition mode for rhiazaria

A

free-living and heterotrophic

36
Q

what is the nutrition mode for alveolata

A

predation, photoautotrophic, parasitism

37
Q

what is the nutrition mode for archaeplastida

A

photosynthetic

38
Q

what is the nutrition mode for ameobazoans

A

phagocytosis

39
Q

(a) Paramecium waves hair-like appendages called cilia to propel itself.
(b) Amoeba uses lobe-like pseudopodia to anchor themselves to a solid surface and pull themselves forward.
(c) Euglena uses a whip-like tail called a flagellum to propel itself.

A

how move around

40
Q

means “false feet”, extensions of the cytoplasm used for movement or feeding

A

pseudopodia

41
Q

short extensions resembling a fringe that help move cells

A

cilia

42
Q

a long, whiplike appendage that a cell uses for motility

A

flagella

43
Q

Euglena is spindle shaped, Amoeba has an irregular shape, and Paramecium is slipper shaped

A

yes

BIO 102 (10 decks)

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