Lab midterm

Question 1

one or more factors that the scientist varies during the experiment

Answer 1

independent variable

Question 2

a feature that the scientist measures in order to determine if it changes in response to the independent variables

Answer 2

dependent variable

Question 3

a sample where the independent variables are omitted

Answer 3

control sample

Question 4

results of an experiment are valid only if they are consistent when the experiment is repeated

Answer 4

replication

Question 5

a type of average

Answer 5

mean

Question 6

the number that appears most frequently

Answer 6

mode

Question 7

the middle number in a ranked series

Answer 7

median

Question 8

the highest number minus the lowest number

Answer 8

range

Question 9

what are the complex structures for locomotion in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

flagella (microtubules)
cilia (microtubules)
pseudopods

Question 10

protistan cells that ingest food

Answer 10

heterotrophs

Question 11

“false feet”

Answer 11

pseudopods

Question 12

red blood cells

Answer 12

erythrocytes

Question 13

white blood cells

Answer 13

leukocytes

Question 14

these cells have a lobed nucleus

Answer 14

neutrophils

Question 15

these cells are smaller than neutrophils and are usually very round with a round nucleus (the nucleus often fills the majority of the cell)

Answer 15

lymphocytes

Question 16

contains DNA (genetic material) and often is the most prominent feature of a cell

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

present in the nuclear membrane and allow certain materials to leave the nucleus directly

Answer 17

nuclear pores

Question 18

a dark, dense area of the nucleus and contains subunits of ribosomes (RNA and protein)

Answer 18

nucleolus

Question 19

a network of membranous channels in the cell

Answer 19

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 20

when ribosomes are attached to the ER

Answer 20

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 21

ribosomes that are not attached to the ER

Answer 21

free ribosomes

Question 22

endoplasmic reticulum that has no ribosomes attached

Answer 22

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 23

modifies and packages proteins

Answer 23

Golgi apparatus

Question 24

function is to make ATP (energy) during aerobic cell respiration. makes energy for the cell and thus for the whole organism whether it be plant or animal

Answer 24

mitochondrion

Question 25

made of the protein “actin” and are just one of many cytoskeletal elements

Answer 25

microfilaments

Question 26

another cytoskeletal elements. wider than microfilaments and are hollow in the center. located in a variety of places in the cell.

Answer 26

microtubules

Question 27

the random movement of molecules and atoms resulting from their own kinetic energy

Answer 27

molecular activity

Question 28

when comparing 2 solutions, it is the solution that has the lower concentration of solute particles

Answer 28

hypotonic

Question 29

when comparing 2 solutions, it is the solution that has the higher concentration of solute particles

Answer 29

hypertonic

Question 30

when 2 solutions have the same concentration of solutes; the type of solute in each solution can be different (salt vs. sucrose) ; it is the “final concentration”

Answer 30

isotonic

Question 31

the point where 2 solutions (or other situations) are such that no net movement of molecules will occur

Answer 31

dynamic equilibrium

Question 32

the tendency of water to move across a selectively permeable membrane into a solution. the greater the solute concentration gradient, the greater the osmotic potential. osmotic potential is measured by measuring the pressure needed to stop water from flowing into that solution

Answer 32

osmotic potential

Question 33

the net movement of particles down a concentration gradient

Answer 33

diffusion

Question 34

the net movement of a substance, often against a gradient, that requires an input of energy and a carrier protein

Answer 34

active transport

Question 35

the “potential energy” of water molecules; water moves from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential

Answer 35

water potential

Question 36

the pressure that the fluid contents of a plant cell exerts against the inside of the cell wall

Answer 36

turgor pressure

Question 37

the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 37

osmosis

Question 38

the solute concentration, e.g., 0.2 molar sucrose

Answer 38

osmolarity

Question 39

shrinkage of a cell due to loss of water

Answer 39

plasmolysis (crenate)