exam 2

Question 1

the sum of all chemical reactions that an organism carries out

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

the ability to do work (bring about movement against an opposing force)

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

ultimate energy source

Answer 3

Sun

Question 4

stored energy

Answer 4

potential

Question 5

energy in motion

Answer 5

kinetic

Question 6

study of energy

Answer 6

thermodynamics

Question 7

energy is never gained or lost, but is only transmitted

Answer 7

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 8

energy is often transformed into ____

Answer 8

heat

Question 9

all energy transformations are inefficient - the amount of usable energy in the universe is decreasing and the amount of entropy (disorder) is increasing

Answer 9

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 10

reactants have more energy than the products

Answer 10

exergonic reactions

Question 11

products have more energy than the reactants

Answer 11

endergonic reactions

Question 12

a substance that has lost one or more electrons

Answer 12

oxidized

Question 13

a substance that has gained one or more electrons

Answer 13

reduced

Question 14

proteins that speed up chemical reactions, and lower the amount of energy required to start chemical reactions (activation energy)

Answer 14

enzymes

Question 15

a small part of the enzyme where the enzyme binds to the substrate

Answer 15

active site

Question 16

substance that interferes with an enzyme’s activity

Answer 16

inhibitor

Question 17

change the shape of enzymes, substrates can no longer bind to active site

Answer 17

extremely high temperatures

Question 18

most enzymes work best in pH between _ and _

Answer 18

6 and 8

Question 19

aerobic harvesting of energy from molecules by cells

Answer 19

aerobic respiration

Question 20

what kind of energy does respiration produce?

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 21

cytosol

Question 22

where do the second stages of respiration take place?

Answer 22

in mitochondria

Question 23

how much ATP does glycolysis produce?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

how much ATP does the Kreb’s cycle produce?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

how much ATP does the ETC produce?

Answer 25

32

Question 26

where does the ETC take place?

Answer 26

in the mitochondria

Question 27

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 27

it separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. it also regulates the entrance and exit of molecules to and from the cell. it helps the cell and the organism maintain a steady internal environment.