lab midterm Flashcards
hold the trophy as the most threatened bird group globally
parrot
What order does the parrot belongs to?
Pssitaciformes
What class does the parrot belongs to?
Aves
What sampling method was used to determine the abundance and distribution of parrot populations in the study area?
distance line transect method
This method involves listing down all parrot encounters (flock size) while walking along a transect and determining the perpendicular distance of each encounter from the transect.
Distance line transect method
What is the title of the article about the parrots?
Habitat associations of five endemic and threatened Philippine parrot species in two protected areas in the Philippines
What is the objective of the study in the parrot article?
The study identifies the ecological factors affecting the occurrence (presence of individuals/populations) of five endemic and threatened parrot species in the Philippines.
Where is the study area in the article about the parrots?
Bataan Natural Park-Subic Watershed Forest Reserve in Bataan
Kingfisher Park in Busuanga Island, Palawan
What is the direct threat faced by parrots?
poaching
extraction of wild birds for trade and food
What are the indirect threats faced by parrots?
habitat loss and degradation
human
What are the statistical analysis used in the parrot article?
Canonical Correspondence analysis
The statistical analysis used to calculate parrot density (number of individuals per km²) per municipality for BNP-SWFR and as a whole for Kingfisher Park using the parrot transect data.
Multiple Covariates Distance Sampling
How many meters were maintained between transect lines to avoid double counting of parrots?
at least 300m
What variables are determined at the 200-m mark in the 10x20-m plot in the 400m segments?
geographical variables:
elevation
slope
path width
structural variables:
canopy cover
tree girth
What tool was used to measure the slope? It is an instrument used to measure angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity.
clinometer
tool to measure canopy cover: a device used to measure the density of vegetation in a given area, often used in ecological studies to estimate forest canopy cover
(spherical crown) densiometer
Five species in the parrot study
Bolbopsittacus lunulatus
Loriculus philippensis
Prioniturus platenae
Prioriniturus luconensis
Tanygnathus lucionensis
variables that are positively associated with parrot species abundance
fruit trees, palms, epiphytes, crops, and
pioneering plants
title of the article about the anuran
Anuran Species Richness and Endemism in Four Long-Term Ecological
Research Sites in Mindanao, Philippines
four Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites in Mindanao
Apo
Kitanglad
Hamiguitan
Malindang
reasons for the decline of the population of herpetofauna
habitat fragmentation and destruction
over- exploitation
climate change
What is the objective of the anuran study?
The paper determined the species richness and endemism of anurans in the four LTER sites in Mindanao with notes
on their diversity, species evenness, and conservation status.
number of species, families, and genera of anurans documented in four LTER sites
18 species
7 families
11 genera
The site with the highest species richness to the lowest in the four LTER sites.
Mt. Malindang
Mt. Hamuigitan
Mt. Kitanglad, Mt. Apo
the most abundant species that is located in Mt. Apo
Montane Narrow-mouthed Frog
Oreophryne anulata
the most abundant species found in Mt. Kitanglad
Mottled Tree Frog
Philautus poecilius
the most abundant species found in Mt. Malindang
Shrub Frog
Philautus acutirostris
What analysis were used in the anuran article?
biodiversity indices
seriation analysis
second largest archipelago in the
world (Diesmos & Brown, 2011) is known for its high proportion of endemic fauna especially amphibians of which at least 97% is composed of anurans (frogs and
toads)
Philippines
the second largest island, remains to have one of the largest remaining forest cover and is rich with biological resources
Mindanao
reasons why Mt. Malindang had the highest species richness
elevation and temperature
water availability
sampling effort
habitat complexity
highest endemism to lowest in anuran species in LTER sites
Mt. Apo
Mt. Kitanglad
Malindang
Hamiguitan
