Lab H Flashcards
Which of these structures are associated with the excretory system?
I. Uterus
II. Ureter
III. Urethra
II and III.
In order to cause the tail to move, which structure is pulled with forceps?
tendons
In the rat, one lung has two lobes while the other has three.
false
In which structure does maturation and storage of sperm occur?
epididymis
The ventral aspect is always toward the belly.
true
Only animal parts can be place in the black bag at the front of the room. Absolutely no pins, applicator sticks or dissecting tools.
true
All of the following are chemical/materials present in the rat dissection lab, except:
chemical preservatives,
Rats, Scalpels, Pins,
chemical preservatives
Which piece of PPE is optional during the rat dissection lab.
safety googles
The anterior aspect is always toward the head.
false
What is the function of the spleen.
removal of blood cells and immunity
The olfactory bulbs are at the posterior end of the brain.
false
In order to inflate the lungs, which structure should be intubated (having tube inserted though it)?
trachea
The medulla oblongata and the cerebellum are at the anterior of the brain
false
How many segments does the small intestine consist of?
three
In which part of the digestive tract does the most nutrient absorption occur?
jejunum and ileum
Pins and dissecting tools must be
rinsed cleaned and dried
returned to the front for TA inspection
part of body that is forward-most when animal is in locomotion
anterior
in humans, anterior end coincide with the – side of the body
ventral
in rats, the anterior end coincide with the –
head
in humans, superior end coincides with the –
head
in rats the superior is the same as
dorsal
toward backbone
dorsal
toward belly
ventral
toward midline
medial
toward side
lateral
located near the point of reference
proximal
located away from the point of reference
distal
higher direction of body
superior
lower direction of body
inferior
two external features of rat that distinguish it as mammal
hair and mammary glands with external openings or teats
upper lip has a deep cleft called
philtrum
external portion of ears consists of a long fold called the – that function to conduct sound to the external auditory meatus
pinna
very long whiskers called – that have a sensory function
vibrissae
In male there is a scrotum that contains – in ventral posterior region of rat
testes
contains both urinary and genital organs in males
penis
in females urethral opening is – to the vaginal orifice
ventral
in both male and females, the anus is located at
the base of the tail
in females, the anus is – to vaginal orifice
dorsal
lungs and heart are part of the – cavity
thoracic
the posterior cavity
abdominal cavity
in anterior portion of abdominal cavity, the – is divided into 4 lobes
liver
T/F: rats have gallbladder
false
stomach is – to liver
posterior
large middle portion of stomach
fundus
constricted posterior region of stomach
pylorus
stomach opens to small intestine through the –
pyloric valve
smooth muscles in pyloric valve have circular arrangement, thus forming a – that can regulate flow of material from stomach to small intestine
sphincter
– envelops small intestine and other organs
mesentery
order of small intestine
duodenum, short jejunum and ileum
pancreas located in the region of the –
duodenum
junction of small intestine with large intestine
ileocolic valve
patches on ileum surface caused by – in walls of ileum
lymph nodes
small intestine is about – times the length of the rat’s body
6
large intestine or colon first projects anteriorly to form the – colon
ascending
in the region of the stomach, the colon turns posteriorly to form – colon
descending
colon terminates at the –
rectum
– embedded in fat in dorsal body wall, not suspended in mesentery
kidney
bean-shaped masses of tissue on the anterior end of each kidney
adrenal glands
– lies between let kidney and spleen
left adrenal gland
ovaries lie in the region of the kidneys and are in close association with the –
fallopian tubes
fallopian tubes are small, high coiled and lead to the –
uteri
the rat uterus is divided into 2 complete uteri, each of which is referred to as
horn
left and right horns join and enter the – which opens outside through the vaginal orifice
vagina
in non-breeding times, the testes are sometimes retracted into the
abdominal cavity
T/F: atrial walls are flexible
true
anterior side of heart
atria
– enters right atrium
vena cavae
– enter left atrium
pulmonary veins
posterior portions of heart
ventricles
large vessel that originates in the left ventricle and exits the heart dorsally and proceeds posteriorly along the region dorsal to the heart
aorta (aortic arch)
left lung has – lobes
one
right lung as – lobes
four
2 branching arteries from aorta going to head region
common carotid
2 branching arteries from aorta going upper extremities
axillary
right ventricle — lungs
pulmonary artery
most anterior portion of the brain
olfactory lobe
– is larger, anterior portion of brain adjacent to the olfactory lobe and posterior to the cerebellum
cerebrum
in between cerebrum and cerebellum there is a small structure
pineal gland
increases the surface-area- to-volume ratio of brain
cerebral cortex
mixing and digestion
stomach
digestion and absorption
small intestine
most digestion of food occurs here
duodenum
90% of nutrient absorption
jejunum and ileum
produces digestive enzymes that are released into the duodenum
pancreas
produces bile (fat digestion), which is released into the duodenum, energy storage, detoxification
liver
store ingested food, bacterial fermentation of cellulose, absorptive structure
caecum
processes material that remains after digestion and absorption; absorption of water and produce feces
large intestine
reabsorbs water and nutrients from water materials, processes waste to be eliminated
colon
prevents regurgitation of food form intestine back to stomach
pylori valve
filtration of nitrogenous waste from blood, osmoregulation
kidney
tube connecting kidney with urinary bladder
ureter
holds urine
bladder
temporary storage for solid waste
rectum
last portion of digestive tract, surrounded by sphincter muscles that allow control of stool
anus
produce eggs
ovaries
through which eggs reach uterus; fertilization usually occurs here
fallopian tubes (oviducts)
growth and dev of embryos
uterus
muscular tube extending from the uterus to the exterior of body; receptacle fro sperm; birth canal
vagina
produce sperm
testes
coiled tube in which sperm mature and are stored
epidiymis
duct that transports sperm to ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
short duct that passes through the prostate gland and opens into the urethra
ejaculatory duct
produces semen (fluid + sperm) which drains into the vas deferens
seminal vesicles
produce semen
prostate gland
tube that conducts urine or seem through penis
urethra
produce thick, lubricating compound which goes dirtily to the urethra
bulbourethral glands
transports urine and semen outside the body
penis
protects the testes and assists in temp regulation
scrotum
returns deoxygenated blood form upper body to heart
anterior vena cava
carries oxygenated blood to body
aorta
receives blood returning to heart from body
atria
transports oxygenated blood to upper body
axillary artery
transports blood to the structures inside and outside the skull
common carotid artery
transports deoxygenated blood from right ventricle into lungs
pulmonary artery
associated with higher brain functions, including all voluntary actions
cerebrum
controls autonomic functions (breathing, heart, digestion)
medulla oblongata
transmits signals to olfactory tract
olfactory lobe
produces melatonin, which affect sleep patterns
pineal body
removes wont-out blood cells and bacteria from blood; immunity
spleen
changes volume of the thoracic cavity for respiration
diaphragm
work in conjunction with hypothalamus and pituitary to produce hormones
adrenal glands
moves salive, liquid, foods from mouth to stomach
esophagus
supply oxygen, expel CO2
lungs
allows air to travel to lungs
trachea
