lab final

Question 1

what are rise + run, and how do we use them to find slope?

Answer 1

be able to calculate a slope from info or from a map

Question 2

know the ridge to trench model for plate tectonics

Answer 2

be able to label it

Question 3

how did Peter Bird figure out that the Earth wasn’t changing size?

Answer 3

The percentage of divergent and convergent boundaries are the same, so crust is being created and destroyed at the same rate.. Therefore, it is staying the same size

Question 4

what are the three unconformities

Answer 4

nonconformity

disconformity

angular unconformity

Question 5

hydrothermal metamorphism _____

Answer 5

alters rocks, and then as they travel away, they become (OCD) older, colder and denser BEFORE going to oceanic lithosphere

Question 6

know the glacial diagram

Answer 6

be able to label it

Question 7

alluvial fans

Answer 7

arrid setting

pattern of streams= braided

vegetation around margin

drill close to the margin

saltflats, maybe- plya lakes

Question 8

basin

Answer 8

circular, YOUNGEST in the middle

T’s pointed outward, away from the circle

Question 9

dome

Answer 9

circular, OLDEST in the middle

T’s pointed inward, towards circle

Question 10

syncline

Answer 10

arrows pointing downward

Question 11

anticline

Answer 11

arrows pointing upward

Question 12

know how to do the time series plots

Answer 12

latitude and longitude

when plotting the graph make LONGER lines, not short

longitude- left to right

latitude- top to bottom

Question 13

what are the driving forces of plate tectonics?

Answer 13

compression, tension, shear

ridge push, slab pull, mantle convection currents

Question 14

two issues with carsed areas

Answer 14

water contamination

hardwater

Question 15

compression

Answer 15

compacts a block of rock and squeezes it into less space

can cause reverse faulting (aka thrust faulting) where the hanging wall block is forced up the footwall in opposition to the pull of gravity

Question 16

tension

Answer 16

pulls a block of rock apart and increases its length

can cause normal faulting, where gravity pulls the hanging wall block down and forces it to slide down off the footwall block

Question 17

shear

Answer 17

offsets a block of rock from side to side

may eventually tear it apart into two blocks of rock that slide past each other along a lateral or strike-slip fault

Question 18

ridge push

Answer 18

gravity driven force that results from the elevated position of the ridge

Question 19

slab pull

Answer 19

results from the sinking of a cold, dense, slab of oceanic lithosphere

is the major driving force of plate motion

Question 20

mantle convection currents

Answer 20

mantle drag resists plate subduction convection in the mantle

enhances plate motion when the velocity of the atmosphere exceeds that of the overlying plate

Question 21

which stream setting is most likely to have rock falls and slides?

Answer 21

upland streams

flashfloods are associated with upland streams

Question 22

syncline plunge T lines

Answer 22

T’s pointing INWARD

Question 23

anticline plunge T lines

Answer 23

T’s pointing OUTWARD

Question 24

what stream setting is indicated by having soil failures as the dominant geologic hazard?

Answer 24

transitional midland

Question 25

give some examples of soil failure

Answer 25

slump

Earthflow

creep

Question 26

oceanic setting density

Answer 26

3.0 g/cm ^3

Question 27

continental setting density

Answer 27

2.8 g/cm ^3

Question 28

mantle setting density

Answer 28

3.3 g/ cm^3

Question 29

lowland stream

Answer 29

oxbow lakes?

broad meanders?

ridge + swole?

yazoo tributary?

Question 30

Answer 30

angular unconformity

BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS

Question 31

Answer 31

disconformity

BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS

Question 32

Answer 32

nonconformity

BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS

Question 33

Answer 33

—> compression —> reverse faults

Question 34

Answer 34

—> tension —> normal faults

Question 35

Answer 35

—-> shear stress —> strike-slip faults