lab final Flashcards
what are rise + run, and how do we use them to find slope?
be able to calculate a slope from info or from a map
know the ridge to trench model for plate tectonics
be able to label it
how did Peter Bird figure out that the Earth wasn’t changing size?
The percentage of divergent and convergent boundaries are the same, so crust is being created and destroyed at the same rate.. Therefore, it is staying the same size
what are the three unconformities
nonconformity
disconformity
angular unconformity
hydrothermal metamorphism _____
alters rocks, and then as they travel away, they become (OCD) older, colder and denser BEFORE going to oceanic lithosphere
know the glacial diagram
be able to label it
alluvial fans
arrid setting
pattern of streams= braided
vegetation around margin
drill close to the margin
saltflats, maybe- plya lakes
basin
circular, YOUNGEST in the middle
T’s pointed outward, away from the circle
dome
circular, OLDEST in the middle
T’s pointed inward, towards circle
syncline
arrows pointing downward
anticline
arrows pointing upward
know how to do the time series plots
latitude and longitude
when plotting the graph make LONGER lines, not short
longitude- left to right
latitude- top to bottom
what are the driving forces of plate tectonics?
compression, tension, shear
ridge push, slab pull, mantle convection currents
two issues with carsed areas
water contamination
hardwater
compression
compacts a block of rock and squeezes it into less space
can cause reverse faulting (aka thrust faulting) where the hanging wall block is forced up the footwall in opposition to the pull of gravity
tension
pulls a block of rock apart and increases its length
can cause normal faulting, where gravity pulls the hanging wall block down and forces it to slide down off the footwall block
shear
offsets a block of rock from side to side
may eventually tear it apart into two blocks of rock that slide past each other along a lateral or strike-slip fault
ridge push
gravity driven force that results from the elevated position of the ridge
slab pull
results from the sinking of a cold, dense, slab of oceanic lithosphere
is the major driving force of plate motion
mantle convection currents
mantle drag resists plate subduction convection in the mantle
enhances plate motion when the velocity of the atmosphere exceeds that of the overlying plate
which stream setting is most likely to have rock falls and slides?
upland streams
flashfloods are associated with upland streams
syncline plunge T lines
T’s pointing INWARD
anticline plunge T lines
T’s pointing OUTWARD
what stream setting is indicated by having soil failures as the dominant geologic hazard?
transitional midland
give some examples of soil failure
slump
Earthflow
creep
oceanic setting density
3.0 g/cm ^3
continental setting density
2.8 g/cm ^3
mantle setting density
3.3 g/ cm^3
lowland stream
oxbow lakes?
broad meanders?
ridge + swole?
yazoo tributary?
angular unconformity
BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS
disconformity
BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS
nonconformity
BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS
—> compression —> reverse faults
—> tension —> normal faults
—-> shear stress —> strike-slip faults
