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Biology 211 > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

A

Cocci - sperical

Bacilli - rod shaped

Spirilli - corckscrew

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2
Q

What pigment is chlorphyll?

A

green

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3
Q

Compare heterotroph, autotroph and mixotroph

A

Heterotroph - Ingest food for energy and uses organic carbon source (animals, fungi)

Autotroph - Makes its own food via light/chemicals (plants, algae, cyanobacteria)

Mixotroph - alternate between photosynthesis and heterotroph

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4
Q

Photoautotrophs use ___________ to produce carbon.

A

photosynthesis

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5
Q

What is formed by the fusion of two coenocytic gametangia?

A

zygosporangia

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6
Q

What is heterothallism?

A

No sexes just (+) (-), increases genetic variability

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7
Q

What is the fruiting body of the ascomycota?

A

Ascocarp - contains spores

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8
Q

The ascus produces ___________.

A

ascospores

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9
Q

What is the fruiting body of the basidiomycota?

A

basidiocarp

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10
Q

The basidia produces _________.

A

basidiospores

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11
Q

The stamen includes the _________ and __________.

A

anther and filament

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12
Q

The carpel includes what three things?

A

Stigma

Style

Ovary

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13
Q

Compare monocot vs dicot

A

Monocot - 3,6 petals

Dicot - 2,4,5 petals

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14
Q

The _______ carries water and nutrients from roots to branches and leaves.

A

Xylem

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15
Q

The ________ carries sugar (photosynthate) to all parts of the plant

A

Phloem

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16
Q

What are nematocysts and what phylum uses them?

A

Harpoon of neurotoxins used to paralyze prey. Used by cnidaria (jellyfish).

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17
Q

What is the spongocoel?

A

the central cavity in the body of a sponge

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18
Q

What 5 classes belong to the phylum echinodermata?

A
  1. Asteroidea (sea star)
  2. Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
  3. Crinoidea ( sea lillies)
  4. Holothuroidea (sea cucumber)
  5. Echinoidea (sea urchin/sand dollars)
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19
Q

What is a madreporite and what class has them?

A

Asteroidea (sea stars). Where water passes through vascular system.

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20
Q

What are tube feet used for in echinoderms and what operates them?

A

Locomotion or collecting food. Operated by water-vascular system

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21
Q

What is a notochord?

A

Structural support, site of muscle attachement.

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22
Q

Notochords are derived from the _________ and are always present in the __________ stage.

A

mesoderm

embryonic

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23
Q

In vertebrates, pharyngeal slits are used for ___________.

A

respiration

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24
Q

In invertebrates, pharyngeal slits are used for ___________.

A

feeding

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25
Q

What are 5 common characteristics of Chordata?

A
  1. Notochord
  2. Pharngeal slits
  3. Hollow doral nerve cord
  4. Post-anal tail
  5. Presence of yolk sac in eggs
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26
Q

The hollow dorsal nerve cord in Chordates are formed from ________ and forms into the ________ _________ __________.

A

ectoderm

central nervous system

27
Q

The ______ ______ _______is sometimes only in embryonic stages and sometimes in adults.

A

Post-anal tail

28
Q

The class hyperoartia (lampreys) are jawless vertebrae that belongs to what phylum?

A

Chordata

29
Q

What are common characteristics of the phylum porifera?

A
  1. No nervous system
  2. No digestive system
  3. No circulatory system
  4. Inner surface = choanocytes
30
Q

What are common characteristics of Cnidaria?

A
  1. Polyp and medusa stage
  2. Nerve net
  3. Diffusion
  4. Catch prey with nematocysts
31
Q

What are 3 classes of Cnidaria?

A
  1. Hydrozoa
  2. Schyphozoa
  3. Anthozoa
32
Q

Describe hydrozoa feeding, nervous sytem, and circultory system?

A

Feeding: extend tentacles and sting with nematocyts

Nervous system: simple nerve net

Circulatory system: diffusion through walls

33
Q

How do anthozoans reproduce?

A
  • Spawn eggs/sperm through mouth
  • Asexually by budding/binary fission
34
Q

Describe schyphozoa feeding, nervous sytem, and circultory system?

A

Feeding: mouth/central stomach, diverticula radiating, use nematocyts

Nervous system: nerve net

Circulatory system: diffusion through body, mostly water

35
Q

Compare gymnosperm and angiosperm seeds.

A

Gynosperm seeds are NOT enclosed in ovule (pine cone)

Angiosperm seeds are surrounded by the ovule (apple)

36
Q

What are common characteristics of echinodermata?

A
  • Pentamerous symmetry (NOT radial)
  • Oral/aboral sides
  • Embryos bilaterally symmetric
  • Rigid internal skeleton
  • Water vascular system/tube feet
37
Q

What is the representative species of the class Asteroidea?

A

Sea Star

38
Q

What is the representative species of the class Ophiuroidea?

A

Brittle star

39
Q

What is the representative species of the class Holothuroidea?

A

Sea cucumber

40
Q

What is the representative species of the class Crinoidea?

A

Sea lillies

41
Q

What is the representative species of the class Echinoidea?

A

sea urchin/sand dollars

42
Q

What is the representative species of the class Hypoeroartia?

A

Lamprey

43
Q

What is the representative species of the phlum Cnidaria?

A

Schyphozoa (jellyfish)

44
Q

What are common characteristics of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?

A
  • Bilateral and unsegmented
  • No circulatory system (flat shaped allows for diffusion)
  • Digestion incomplete (one opening)
  • Acoelomate (no body cavity)
45
Q

What are common characteristics of the phylum Annelids (leeches/earthworms)?

A
  • Bilateral and segmented
  • Coelomates (fluid filled body cavity lined from mesoderm)
  • Some have parapodia for movement
46
Q

What are common characteristics of the phylum Nematoda?

A
  • Parasitic
  • Represent 90% of all animals
  • Nervous system throughout body
  • Pseudocoelomates (false cavity, mesoderm fluid partially filled)
47
Q

What is the common species of gastropods?

A

snails/slugs

48
Q

What is the common species of bivalves?

A

Clams/oysters/mussels

49
Q

What is the common species of cephalopods?

A

squids/octopus

50
Q

What is the common species of polyplacophora?

A

Chitons

51
Q

What are the 4 classes in the phylum Mollusca?

A
  1. Gastropoda - snails/slugs
  2. Bivalvia - Clams/oysters
  3. Cephalopoda - squids/octopus
  4. Polyplacophora - Chitons
52
Q

What is the common characteristics of the phlym arthropoda?

A
  • Exoskeleton made of chitin
  • Segmented
  • Jointed appendages
53
Q

What is the common species of chelicerata?

A

Spiders/scorpions

54
Q

What is the common species of myriapoda?

A

centipedes/milipedes

55
Q

What is the common species of hexapoda?

A

Beetles

56
Q

What is the common species of crustacea?

A

crabs/lobsters

57
Q

What is the common species and characteristics of Urochordates?

A

Ascidians/tunicates

  • Attached to substrate
  • Tunic made of cellulose
58
Q

What is the common species and characteristics of cephalochordates?

A

Lancets

  • All 4 chordate characteristics in adulthood (Notochord, pharyngeal slits, hollow doral nerve cord, post-anal tail)
59
Q

What is the common species and characteristics of Chondrichthyans?

A

Sharks/rays

  • Cartilaginous fishes (Bones made of cartiage ONLY)
  • Paired fins
60
Q

What is the common species and characteristics of Actinopterygii?

A

Normal fish

Operculum - protects gills

Swim bladder

Bony spines and scales

61
Q

What is the common species and characteristics of Amphibia?

A

Frogs/salamanders

  • Egg sacs deposited in water
  • Aquatic larvae with gills
  • Undergoes metamorphosis
62
Q

What is the common species and characteristics of Reptilia?

A

Birds/lizards/crocodiles/snakes

  • Body covered with scales/feathers
  • Lungs
  • Lay eggs outside body
  • Birds endothermic, reptiles exothermic
63
Q

What is the common species and characteristics of Mammalia?

A

Panda/Whales/Otters

  • Endothermic (create own heat)
  • Hair
  • Internally fertilized eggs
  • Feed young with milk

Biology 211 (5 decks)

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