Final Flashcards
Fungi are _______(cells never have more than one flagellum)
More specifically, they are ________(the single flagellum is always located at the posterior end of the cell)
Unikonts
Opisthokonts

The common ancestor of the opisthokonts was likely _______ and _______.
unicellular and flagellated

Evolutionist believe the common ancestor of opisthokonts was unicellular, which suggests __________ evolved in fungi and animals independently.
multicellularity

Evolutionists believe fungi arose around ______ mya.
460
For nutrition, all fungi are __________.
absorptive heterotrophs
-more specifically, absoptive chemotrophs
Define absorptive heterotroph
A feeding strategy where an organism absorbs small organic compounds from enviroment and uses them for both energy and carbon source.
Many fungi secrete ________ into the environment to break down large organic molecules into small molecules that they can absorb.
enzymes
What 3 types of fungi exist and what do each absorb?
- Decomposers - break down dead organic matter (e.g. animal flesh, fruit, plant cellulose or lignin…) and absorb the products
- Parasits/pathogens - absorb small organic molecules from living cells
- Mutualists - absorb small organic molecules from living host, BUT also do something positive for the host
Fungal cells have cell walls that include the molecule _______.
chitin - a fibrous polysaccharide
What are the 2 major body forms of fungi?
- Unicellular fungi (yeasts) - unicellularity seems to have evolved several times in fungi (the common ancestor of the fungi was multicellular)
- Multicellular fungi - made of many tubular filaments called hyphae, which form a mass called mycelium
The common ancestor of the fungi was _____cellular.
multi
Hyphae forms a mass called _______.
mycelium
What are the two different forms of hyphae?
- Some hyphae are septate – the cells are separated by incomplete cross-walls called septae. Pores in the septae are pretty large, and sometimes allow nuclei to move from cell to cell.
- Some hyphae have no septae – these are known as coenocytic fungi. They basically consist of one large cell with many nuclei.
Septate hyphae contain ______, or cross wall that separate nuclei.
septae

Coenocytic are one large cell with many _______.
nuclei

The production of haploid ________ is important to most fungi.
nuclei
Unicellular fungi may reproduce asexually via ______ (simple
“fission”, or sometimes “budding”)
mitosis
Multicellular fungi may reproduce asexually by simply ________ into several parts; each part continues growing.
breaking

Sexual reproduction in fungi starts with __________, when two haploid fungi fuse.
karyogamy

Decomposers play an important role in the environment by:
- Getting rid of dead organisms
- Helps form the soil
- Recycles minerals and other nutrients (e.g. fungi respire CO2 into atmosphere)
Some hyphae produce __________, projections that press into plant cells without breaking through the plasma membranes
haustoria

What are mycorhizae fungi?
Fungi that interact with plant roots; fungal hyphae form huge surface area of rootlike structure that provides water and minerals to plant, and plant provides photosynthate.
What are the two types oif mycorhizae?
- Ectomycorhizae - fungal hyphae wrap around the plant roots but do not penetrate plant cells
- Arbuscular - fungal hyphae penetrate into the root and enter the cell walls
Mycorhizae are essential for almost all _______ plants.
vascular
































