Lab Exercise 8: Kingdom Fungi

Question 1

Define: yeast

Answer 1

single-celled fungi

Question 2

Define: filamentous fungus

Answer 2

multi-celled fungi
-fleshy fungi “molds”
(mycelium & hyphae)

Question 3

Define: dimorphic fungus

Answer 3

Yeast in some environments & filamentous in other environments

Question 4

Define: mycelium

Answer 4

visible mass of hyphae

Question 5

Define: hyphae (septate and aseptate)

Answer 5

multi-celled filaments
Septate Hyphae: visible divisions with nuclei
Aseptate Hyphae: not visible divisions with nuclei

Question 6

Define: mycosis

Answer 6

disease caused by the fungus living on or in you
ex: yeast infection

Question 7

Define: mycotoxicosis

Answer 7

disease caused by a toxin produced by a fungus
ex: mushrooms mess with nervous system
Black mold
encounter toxin then cause disease

Question 8

Describe the characteristics of fungal cells

Answer 8

-Chemoautotrophs: Carbon & Energy from organic compounds
-cell walls made of chitin
-most reproduce sexually & asexually
-most free-living decomposers, but some pathogens

Question 9

Describe the difference between a sexual spore and an asexual spore

Answer 9

YEAST REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL: one parent offspring is genetically identical to parent/ process called budding

SEXUAL: two parents(plus yeast & minus yeast) offspring is genetically different than either parent/ Process use sexual spores/
When come together(+ &- yeast) they “schmoo” → cells & nuclei fuse → 4 new yeast cells (4 spores with DNA) *parents don’t exist

FILAMENTOUS FUNGI REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL: offspring is genetically identical to parent/process uses asexual spores
1 hyphae and has spores sporangiospores (in structure) conidiospores (outside of cell more freely)
Hyphae germinate more hyphae: new hyphae is genetically identical to original hyphae

SEXUAL: offspring is genetically different than either parent/Process uses sexual spores
Hyphae + & Hyphae - join together @ spore → more hyphae “genetically different” (mushroom means its a sexual structure)

Question 10

Identify the sexual and asexual forms of each organism covered in lab

Answer 10

Asexual 1 hyphae

Question 11

Know which organisms are pathogens and the disease they cause.

o Does it cause a mycosis or a mycotoxicosis?

Answer 11

Mycosis: disease caused by fungus
ex: Albugo bliti, Claviceps purpurea in plants

Mycotoxicosis: disease caused by a toxin produced by a fungus
ex: Aspergillus niger, Claviceps purpurea in animal

Question 12

For the following terms: be able to identify, describe the function of, and list which
organism(s) makes it.

o Conidia
o Sporangium
o Sporangiospores
o Zygosporangium
o Zygospores
o Bud
o Oogonium
o Oospores
o Ascus
o Ascospores

Question 13

Fungi Organisms & Taxonomy List:

Domain Eukarya

Kingom Fungi

Phylum Oomycota
-Genus Albugo

Phylum Zygomycota
-Genus Rhizopus

Phylum Ascomycota
-Genus Saccharomyces
-Genus Claviceps
-Genus Penicillium
-Genus Aspergillus