Lab Exercise 11: Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
Define: ectoparasite
Parasite: organism that lives on or in another organism & causes harm
ON ex- tick
Define: endoparasite
Parasite: organism that lives on or in another organism & causes harm
IN ex-tapeworm
Define: vector
organisms that CARRIES an organism that cause disease
BIOLOGICAL VECTOR: pathogen or parasite completes part of their life cycle within vector
Define: scolex
attachment organ w/hooks & suckers
-used to attach to lining of intestine
Define: proglottid
infectious segment of tape work (reproductive)
-get more mature as push out
-poop out
Define: definitive host
Adult stage
mature, reproductive stage
Define: intermediate host
Larvae stage (babies)
developmental stage
Define:monoeicious
1 house: male & female sexual structure are in 1 house
Define: dioecious
2 houses: male animals & female animals (separate individuals)
Define: miricidium
young larval form that enters snail: ciliated
-Can’t survive too long w/o host
Define: redia
larval stage in snail; produced by miricidium asexual reproduction
Define: cercariae
larval stage that leaves the snail & burrows into the skin of a person; produced by redia via asexual reproduction
-looks for definitive host (human)
Explain why we study multicellular parasites and vectors in Microbiology
these are organisms that live on humans/carry organisms that cause disease
Describe the properties of helminths
-Chemoheterotroph: getting carbon & energy from organic compounds
-Found in Phylum: Playhelminthes & Nematoda
-highly adapted to life in an animal
1) poorly digestive system
2) poorly developed muscular & NS
3) Complex, reproductive system
Describe the general life cycle of a helminth
Larvae Stage
-developmental stage
-occurs in one or more intermediate hosts
-very numerous
Adult Stage
-mature, reproductive stage
-can be MONOECIOUS or DIOECIOUS
-produce enormous #’s of offspring (especially monoecious organisms)
Describe the advantages to having a complex life cycle involving more than one host
Describe the life cycle of and disease caused by Schistosoma
1) boy (definitive host-sexual repro.) infected w/worm pees in water which contains eggs hatch into 1st larval stage (miricidium)
2) Redia: larval sac stage in snail (intermediate host) produced by miricidium via asexual repro.
3) Cercaria: looks for definitive host (boy) burrows into the skin of person (asexual repro)
-when get into you they mature into adults & produce eggs then have symptoms
4) adults: reside in blood vessels of intestinal tract & bladder
-females lay hundreds of eggs per day
Determine which organisms are parasites, which are vectors, and which are both
o List the disease each parasite causes and/or the common name
o List the pathogen each vector carries and the disease that the pathogen causes
Parasites
-Schistosoma (flatworm)
-Taenia
-Necator (cause hookworm, in soil, fecal contamination)
-Dirogilaria (cause canine ❤️worm, spread by vector →mosquitos)
Insects
-Dermacentur (vector for bacteria Rickettsia rickettii → rocky mountain spotted fever)
-Ixodes (deer tick vector for bacteria Borrelia burgdortti →Lyme disease
-Sarcoptes (scabies, so contagious)
-Pediculus ( “head lice)
Animalia Organisms & Taxonomy List:
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminthes
+Class Trematoda (“flukes”)
-Genus Schistosoma
+Class Cestoda (“tapeworms”)
-Genus Taenia
Phylum Nematoda (or Ashelminthes) (“round worms”)
-Genus Necator
-Genus Diroflaria
Phylum Arthropoda
-Genus Dermacentor
-Genus Ixodes
-Genus Sarcoptes
-Genus Pediculus
