Lab Exercise 11: Kingdom Animalia

Question 1

Define: ectoparasite

Answer 1

Parasite: organism that lives on or in another organism & causes harm
ON ex- tick

Question 2

Define: endoparasite

Answer 2

Parasite: organism that lives on or in another organism & causes harm
IN ex-tapeworm

Question 3

Define: vector

Answer 3

organisms that CARRIES an organism that cause disease
BIOLOGICAL VECTOR: pathogen or parasite completes part of their life cycle within vector

Question 4

Define: scolex

Answer 4

attachment organ w/hooks & suckers
-used to attach to lining of intestine

Question 5

Define: proglottid

Answer 5

infectious segment of tape work (reproductive)
-get more mature as push out
-poop out

Question 6

Define: definitive host

Answer 6

Adult stage
mature, reproductive stage

Question 7

Define: intermediate host

Answer 7

Larvae stage (babies)
developmental stage

Question 8

Define:monoeicious

Answer 8

1 house: male & female sexual structure are in 1 house

Question 9

Define: dioecious

Answer 9

2 houses: male animals & female animals (separate individuals)

Question 10

Define: miricidium

Answer 10

young larval form that enters snail: ciliated
-Can’t survive too long w/o host

Question 11

Define: redia

Answer 11

larval stage in snail; produced by miricidium asexual reproduction

Question 12

Define: cercariae

Answer 12

larval stage that leaves the snail & burrows into the skin of a person; produced by redia via asexual reproduction
-looks for definitive host (human)

Question 13

Explain why we study multicellular parasites and vectors in Microbiology

Answer 13

these are organisms that live on humans/carry organisms that cause disease

Question 14

Describe the properties of helminths

Answer 14

-Chemoheterotroph: getting carbon & energy from organic compounds
-Found in Phylum: Playhelminthes & Nematoda
-highly adapted to life in an animal
1) poorly digestive system
2) poorly developed muscular & NS
3) Complex, reproductive system

Question 15

Describe the general life cycle of a helminth

Answer 15

Larvae Stage
-developmental stage
-occurs in one or more intermediate hosts
-very numerous
Adult Stage
-mature, reproductive stage
-can be MONOECIOUS or DIOECIOUS
-produce enormous #’s of offspring (especially monoecious organisms)

Question 16

Describe the advantages to having a complex life cycle involving more than one host

Question 17

Describe the life cycle of and disease caused by Schistosoma

Answer 17

1) boy (definitive host-sexual repro.) infected w/worm pees in water which contains eggs hatch into 1st larval stage (miricidium)
2) Redia: larval sac stage in snail (intermediate host) produced by miricidium via asexual repro.
3) Cercaria: looks for definitive host (boy) burrows into the skin of person (asexual repro)
-when get into you they mature into adults & produce eggs then have symptoms
4) adults: reside in blood vessels of intestinal tract & bladder
-females lay hundreds of eggs per day

Question 18

Determine which organisms are parasites, which are vectors, and which are both

o List the disease each parasite causes and/or the common name

o List the pathogen each vector carries and the disease that the pathogen causes

Answer 18

Parasites
-Schistosoma (flatworm)
-Taenia

-Necator (cause hookworm, in soil, fecal contamination)
-Dirogilaria (cause canine ❤️worm, spread by vector →mosquitos)

Insects
-Dermacentur (vector for bacteria Rickettsia rickettii → rocky mountain spotted fever)
-Ixodes (deer tick vector for bacteria Borrelia burgdortti →Lyme disease
-Sarcoptes (scabies, so contagious)
-Pediculus ( “head lice)

Question 19

Animalia Organisms & Taxonomy List:

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Platyhelminthes
+Class Trematoda (“flukes”)
-Genus Schistosoma
+Class Cestoda (“tapeworms”)
-Genus Taenia

Phylum Nematoda (or Ashelminthes) (“round worms”)
-Genus Necator
-Genus Diroflaria

Phylum Arthropoda
-Genus Dermacentor
-Genus Ixodes
-Genus Sarcoptes
-Genus Pediculus