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Kin 155 > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

AnT is…

A

transition from aerobic energy production to anaerobic energy production (huff and puff)

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2
Q

Training near AnT will…

A

optimize the cardiorespiratory adaptions and benefits of training

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3
Q

Identify the breakaways

A
  1. VE vs VO2/workload
  2. Lactate acid production rate vs VO2/workload
  3. CO2 production rate vs VO2/workload
  4. Peaking out in the FECO2 and bottoming out in FEO2 as workload increases
  5. Rating of RPE
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4
Q

VO2 max =

A

The maximal rate at which oxygen can be consumed per min

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5
Q

What can VO2 be used as

A

Fitness guidelines
Endurance
Power and capacity

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6
Q

Greater VO2 max =

A

Greater endurance, ability to do greater workload

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7
Q

Criteria for achieving VO2 max

A
  1. Plateau or decrease in VO2 as workload increases
  2. HR is within 10bpm of age predicted maximal HR
  3. R value is greater or equal to 1.0
  4. RPE of 18-20 (very very hard)
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8
Q

How do you identify VO2 max

A

The highest VO2 value achieved during a graded maximal effort exercise test

Used original RPE scale during the lab test (6-20), revised (0-10)

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9
Q

VO2 max is expressed in

A

l/min (unsupported exercise)
OR
ml/kg/min (bodyweight supported exercise)

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10
Q

What is the fitness classifications based on VO2 max

LOW

A

Female: <= 29 ml/kg/min

Male: <= 34 ml/kg/min

60-70% of HR max
50-60% of HRR
50-60% of VO2 max
RPE (fairly light to somewhat hard)
Breathing is comfortable, unaware
20-30mins, 3 days a week
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11
Q

What is the fitness classifications based on VO2 max

MODERATE

A

Female: 30 - 44 ml/kg/min

Male: 35-49 ml/kg/min

70-80% of HR max
60-75% of HRR
60-75% of VO2 max
RPE is somewhat hard to hard
Aware of breathing
30-45mins, 4 days a week
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12
Q

What is the fitness classifications based on VO2 max

HIGH

A

Female: >= 45 ml/kg/min

Male: >= 50 ml/kg/min

80-90% of HR max
75-85% of HRR
75-85% of VO2 max
RPE = 15-17 hard to very hard
Respiratory distress
45-60 mins, 5 days a week
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13
Q

What are the 3 asssumptions that the bicycle ergometer tests are based upon

A
  1. Oxygen uptake rate (VO2) is directly related to workload
  2. HR is linearly related to workload
  3. VO2 is linearly related to HR
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14
Q

What is the protocol for submax bicycle ergometer test

A

2min of 50RPM
If fit or large = 1kg workload
If unfit or smaller/older = 0.5 workload

2min work periods
Take HR during last 30 secs of initial workload and then last 30 secs of each workload

If HR is < 60% of PHR max then go up by 1 resistance
If HR is between 60-70% of HR max then go up by 0.5 resistance
If HR is over 70% the continue in this workload for another 2 mins

Average the final HR in last two mintues = steady state
Calculate VO2 max using:
Correction factor
BW to KG
VO2 max = ml/min
Then divide by body weight for ml/kg/min
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15
Q

What are the Erroneous factors within the test

A

Talking while performing test

Taking HR too early/late

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16
Q

What is the protocol for pulmonary functioning test

A

Record barometric pressure

Flush spirometer 3-4 times and fill with oxygen half way

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17
Q

Tidal volume definition =

A

Volume of expired or inspired air

Increases during exercise
NO CHANGE IN RESTING WITH CHANGING

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18
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume definition =

A

Max volume inspired from end inspiration

Decreases during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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19
Q

Expiratory reserve volume definition =

A

Max volume expired from end expiration

Slight decrease during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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20
Q

Residual volume definition =

A

Volume at the end of max expiration

Slight increase during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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21
Q

Total lung volume definition =

A

Volume after max inhalation

Slight decrease during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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22
Q

Vital capacity definition =

A

Max volume forcefully expired after max inhalation

Slight decrease during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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23
Q

Inspiratory capacity definition =

A

Max volume inspired from resting expiratory level

Increase with exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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24
Q

What are the residual volumes for females and males

A

VC x 0.28 = female

VC x 0.24 = male

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25
Q

FEV1 =

A

H - D x BTPS (L)

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26
Q

FEV2 =

A

I - D x BTPS (L)

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27
Q

FEV3 =

A

J - D x BTPS (L)

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28
Q

A =

A

First max expiration

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29
Q

B =

A

Resting expiration

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30
Q

C =

A

Resting inspiration

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31
Q

D =

A

Max inspiration

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32
Q

H =

A

Air expired at 1 sec

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33
Q

I =

A

Inter air expired at 2 secs

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34
Q

J =

A

Max expiration at 3 secs

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35
Q

If J is greater than A, which do we use, and for what values

A

J

For VC and ERV

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36
Q

What are the average values for FEV

A 
FEV1 = 75-80% of VC
FEV2 = 85-90% of VC
FEV3 = 95-100% of VC
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37
Q

What are the factors that affect volumes and capacities

A 
Body size
Gender
Age
Lung volumes are smaller in supine position than upright - due to more blood flow and displace diaphragm position towards the thoracic capacity
Physical activity
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38
Q

Two components of body composition =

A

Lean tissue

Fat

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39
Q

Lean tissue density =

A

1.10 gm/ml

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40
Q

Fat density =

A

0.9 gm/ml

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41
Q

Archimedes principle

A

An object immersed in a fluid loses an amount equivalent to the weight of the fluid for which it is displaced in

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42
Q

In underwater weighing, the amount of water displaced is…

A

Equal to the persons body volume

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43
Q

Body volume (UWW) =

A

Weight in air minus weight in water

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44
Q

Body density (UWW) =

A

BW / Body volume

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45
Q

Body weight from lbs to KG =

A

Lbs/2.2

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46
Q

Body volume =

A

Body weight on land - true underwater weight

Equals the weight lost when underwater

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47
Q

Body density =

What is the range between

A

BW / BV

Range = 1.0000 - 1.1000

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48
Q

% BF =

A

((4.57 / body density) - 4.142) x 100

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49
Q

% LMM =

A

100 - %BF

50
Q

Lean body weight goal =

A

Current LBW / Desired % of LBW

51
Q

Weight loss =

A

Current weight - LBWG

52
Q

Body volume (end equation) =

A

(BW - TUWW) / D H2O

  • RV

Then - 0.1

53
Q

Residual volume =

A

(VC x BTPS) x (0.28 or 0.24)

54
Q

What are the causes of 95% of obesity

Regulatory obesity

A
  1. Excess caloric consumption due to easy availability to food
  2. Lack of daily physical activity
  3. Association of food with emotional responses
  4. Social and cultural pressures of food consumption
55
Q

Medical abnormalities of obesity

A 
Coronary disease
Impaired CHO metabolism
Endocrine disorders
Hypertension
High Blood pressure
High blood glucose
56
Q

Types of obesity are

A

Hypertrophic

Hyperplastic

57
Q

What is hypertrohic obesity

A

Overtime, increase of fat cell size

58
Q

What is hyperplastic obesity

A

Childhood obesity, 80% carry over to adulthood, increase of fat cell size and number

59
Q

Factors of caloric intake

A

Food energy value
Absorption
Type of food
Quantity

60
Q

Factors of caloric expenditure

A

Basal metabolic rate
Physical activity level
Food processing

61
Q

Exercise benefits for obesity

A

Increased cumlative caloric expenditure

Counter acts decrease in basal metabolic, typically associated with aging

Prevents loss of lean body weight associated with caloric restrictions

Compliments behaviour modifications and establishment of a more heathly lifestyle

62
Q

Body build =

A

Greater muscle mass =
Higher metabolic resting rate =
Greater caloric expenditure

63
Q

Anthropometric measures are:

A

Circumferences
Skinfolds
Diameters

64
Q

Circumference measurements are done in…

Tissues =

A

cm (nearest 0.1)
Average L + R extremities
L+R extremities should be within 1 cm of each other

Tissues = fat, muscle and bone

65
Q

Skinfold measurements are done in…

Tissues =

A

mm = round to the nearest 0.6 mm

Tissues = Fat

66
Q

Diameter measurements are done in…

A

cm = rounded to nearest 0.1
Average L + R extremities
L+R extremities should be within 1 cm of each other

Tissue = Bone

67
Q

Where should you perform skinfolds

A

Only on the right side of the body

68
Q

Factors for selecting equation

A 
Sex
Age
Athlete vs non athlete
Race / Ethnicity
Statistical considerations:
High R value = correlation between actual body density from UWW and predicted Bd from S and C
Lowest S.EE
69
Q

Calculation for Fat Weight =

A

BW (kg) x (%BF / 100)

70
Q

Standards for % body fat for males and females

A 
Males
4% = Min Fat
5-13% = Athletes
10-25% = Optimal health
12 - 18% = Optimal fitness
> 25% = Obese
15% = 50th percentile
Females
8-12% = Min Fat
12-22% = Athletes
18-30% = Optimal health
16-25% = Optimal fitness
> 30% = Obese
25% = 50th percentile
71
Q

Somatogram (Average L + R)

Uses…
Measures…
Indicated by…
Values indicate…

A

Circumferences

Measures body proportionality, BW to frame size to see what areas need slimming down

Indicated by wrist, knee and ankle proportions

< 95 overweight
> 105 underweight

72
Q

Reference Weight (Add L + R)

Uses…
Establishes…
Important info…

A

Uses diameters and height

Establishes needed changes in fat weight and LBW to adjust overall body weight

In diameters you push down to the bone structure
Goes one step further than LBW Goal

73
Q

Somatotypes are

A

Endomorphy - Fat (3 skinfolds)

Mesomorphy - Muscularity (skinfolds, diameters, and circumferences)

Ectomorphy - Linearity (Height and BW)

74
Q

Overweight =

Underweight =

A

< 95 proportions

> 105 proportions

75
Q

What is the normal “body build” indicated by

A

When all proportions are between 95 - 105

76
Q

BW / Frame size uses what body parts

A

Wrist, Knee, Ankle proportions OW and UW here

77
Q

Endomorphy is where

A

there is excessive body fat distribution

Large proportion in abs, chest , hips, thighs

78
Q

Mesomorphy is where

A

Pronouced muscle development

Large proportions in forearm, shoulder, calf, flexed arm

79
Q

What is the body constant used for males and females in ref. weight

A

Male = 31.58

Female = 31.10

80
Q

Body density should be how many decimal places

A

4 decimals

81
Q

Reference weight =

Equation…

Two ifs…

If you know the % fat of current BW…

A

How much BW an individual should have

Total diameter / body constant = A
A^2 x H^t = B
B x 0.0111 = reference weight

If BW - reference weight > 5kg = overweight
If BW - reference weight < - 5kg = underweight

If you know the % fat of current BW, you can find the change in FW from current to goal.

82
Q

Endo + Meso

A

Straight forward

In tricep and calf for meso you take the circumference and subtract (skinfold / 10) to get it into cm

83
Q

Ecto

Equation

A

Height / 3(square root) WT

84
Q

BMI interpretations

A

< 18.5 = underweight
18.5 - 24.9 = normal
25.0 - 29.9 = overweight
> 30 = obese

85
Q

AnT is the last

A

Oxygen uptake rate value fitting the linear trend between expired VE and VO2

86
Q

VO2 Max is considered to be on the Borg scale

A

18-20 = Very very hard

87
Q

AnT is considered to be on the Borg scale

A

15-16 = hard

88
Q

What are the %s of the Expiratory volume at 1,2 and 3 seconds

A

1 second = 75-80% of vital capacity

2 seconds = 85-90% of vital capacity

3 seconds = 95-100% of vital capacity

89
Q

All calculations in the pulmonary lab are to be to how many decimals?

A

2 decimals

90
Q

When working out residual volume, what do we times the vital capacity by

A
  1. 28 for females

0. 24 for males

91
Q

IC =

A

IRV + TV

92
Q

VC =

A

ERV + IC

93
Q

TLC =

A

VC + RV

94
Q

FRC =

A

ERV + RVt

95
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC) definition =

A

Volume in lungs at resting expiratory level

Slight increase during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

96
Q

% body fat =

A
  1. 57 / BD
    - 4.142

x 100

97
Q

What vital capacity do you use out of the 3 you get from underwater weighing

A

The heaviest

98
Q

Obesity is defined as

A

% body fat more than 25% (male) and 30% (female)

99
Q

Regulatory obesity accounts for…

A

95% of obesity

100
Q

Caloric intake with expenditure
What happens to body weight as caloric balance changes from…

Positive
Iso
Negative

A 
Positive = gain
Iso = stable
Negative = loss
101
Q

Errors that can occur during each test

A

Standard error of estimate
Air in swim suit
Not loading the paper correctly

102
Q

A couch potato would have a _____ R and _____ S.E.E

An athlete would have a ______ R and ______ S.E.E

What does R stand for
What does S.E.E stand for

A

High R, Low S.E.E = higher accuracy

Low R, High S.E.E - lower accuracy

R stands for correlation between actual BD from underwater weighing and predicited from skinfolds or circumference

S.E.E stands for standard error of estimate

103
Q

LWB =

A

BW - FW

104
Q

Tidal volume equation =

A

(B - C) x BTPS

105
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume equation =

A

(C - D) x BTPS

106
Q

Inspiratory capacity equation =

A

(B - D) x BTPS

IRV + TV

107
Q

Expiratory reserve volume equation =

A

(A - B) x BTPS (USE J IF ITS HIGHER THAN A)

108
Q

Vital capacity equation =

A

(A - D) x BTPS (USE J IF ITS HIGHER THAN A)

ERV + IC

109
Q

Residual volume equation =

A

VC x 0.24 or 0,28

110
Q

Total lung capacity equation =

A

VC + RV

111
Q

Functional residual capacity equation =

A

ERV + RV

112
Q

Percent vital capacity equation for each FEV =

A

FEV(1,2,3) / VC

113
Q

What is the equation for BMI

A

BW / height^2

114
Q

What is the conversion for inches into cm

A

1 inch = 2.54 cm

115
Q

How fast does the respiratory machine move in FAST mode

A

32 mm per second

1920 / 60 = 32

116
Q

The effects of endurance training on VO2

Oxygen uptake

At:
Rest
Submax Exercise
Max Exercise

A

No change
Decrease
Increase

117
Q

The 5 things that are affected by endurance training on VO2

A 
Oxygen up take
Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Heart rate
A-V O2 diff
118
Q

The effects of endurance training on VO2

Cardiac output

At:
Rest
Submax Exercise
Max Exercise

A

No change
Decrease
Increase

119
Q

The effects of endurance training on VO2

Stroke volume

At:
Rest
Submax Exercise
Max Exercise

A

Increase
Increase
Increase

120
Q

The effects of endurance training on VO2

Heart rate

At:
Rest
Submax Exercise
Max Exercise

A

Decrease
Decrease
No change

121
Q

The effects of endurance training on VO2

A-V O2 Diff

At:
Rest
Submax Exercise
Max Exercise

A

No change
Increase
Increase

Kin 155 (4 decks)

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