Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 126 Physiological basis of life > Lab Exam #2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are stomata and what are their purpose?

A

A plant’s epidermis contains millions of tiny pores called Stomata, (plural for stoma).

The main purpose of the stomata is the regulation of gas exchange of CO2 and O2, which is a vital part of photosynthesis and is made possible by the guard cells surrounding the stomata.

CO2 enters into the stomata and O2 is released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What factors will close stomata?

A

-High temperatures
-High ozone
-Contact with pathogenic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors will open stomata?

A

-High humidity
-Low CO2
-Illumination of guard cells by red/ blue light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If a leaf was treated with ABA (abscisic acid) what would happen?

A

The ABA binds to the ABA receptors in the guard cells.

Activated outward diffusion of K+ and it causes water to leave and close the stomata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If a leaf was treated with SA (salicylic acid) what would happen?

A

SA acts on guard cells. It inactivates the inward directed K+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a leaf was treated in a phosphate buffer in the dark what would happen?

A

Will not undergo photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If a leaf was treated in a phosphate buffer in the light what would happen?

A

Will undergo photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the role of auxin in plant growth

A

Auxin is a plant hormone that stimulates growth by elongating the stem and cells.

It has apical dominance because it is inhibiting the growth of the lateral axillary buds (no side shoots or leaves) while it continues to promote vertical growth of the plant upwards towards the light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is auxin produced in a plant?

A

Tip region of the plant stem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mitosis and meiosis. List 3 differences between them:

A

Mitosis:
-Produces diploid cells
-Produces 2 identical daughter cells
-no recombination (crossing over)

Meiosis:
-Produces haploid cells
-Produces 4 different daughter cells
-Recombination in prophase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does SAM stand for?

A

Shoot Apical Meristem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If water enters a red blood cell what will happen?

A

becuase the cell is hypertonic to the water the water will rush into the cell and cause it to burst

HEMOLYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If water flows out of a red blood cell what will happen?

A

Crenation.

The cell will shrivel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the outcome if a red blood cell is placed in a 0.9% NaCl solution?

A

Solution is: Opaque

Cell condition: Normal

Tonicity: Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the outcome if a red blood cell is placed in a 10% NaCl solution?

A

Solution is: Opaque

Cell condition: Crenated

Tonicity: Hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the outcome if a red blood cell is placed in dH2O solution?

A

Solution is: Transparent

Cell condition: Hemolyzed

Tonicity: Hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

The shrinking of the cytoplasm of a plant cell in response to water diffusing out of the cell and into a hypertonic solution surrounding the cell.

18
Q

What is the outcome if a plant cell is placed in a dH2O solution?

A

Cell condition: Turgid

Tonicity: Hypotonic

Water flowed into cell, filled up the central vacuole and pushed the chloroplasts to the outer regions.

19
Q

What is the outcome if a plant cell is placed in a 20% NaCl solution?

A

Cell condition: Plasmolysis

Tonicity: Hypertonic

Water flowed out of the cell and shrunk the central vacuole and caused the chloroplasts the gather in the middle

20
Q

What is the difference between crenation and plasmolysis?

A

Plasmolysis is for a plant cell. The outer layer is too stiff to shrivel so the internal cytoplasm shrivels instead.

Crenation is the whole cell (blood cell) shriveling

21
Q

What is dialysis tubing made of and what can pass through it?

A

Made of cellulose which has hydrophylic properties.
Small polar molecules can pass through.

Chloride and sulfate CAN

Protein and starch CANT

22
Q

What is the formula to calculate weight change?

A

Wt = (Wf - Wi) / Wi x 100

23
Q

How do you calculate concentration and volume?

A

C1V1 = C2V2

24
Q

jeoparty

A

400
400
400
1000

25
Q

Chromatography paper. What travels furthest up it and why?

A

Non-polar substances will travel the furthest up the paper because they have the least amount of affinity to the paper.

Polar substances are attracted to the paper and will cling to it (stay towards the bottom)

26
Q

The _____ value is the distance (ratio) that the pigment spot has moved relative to the solvent front.

A

Rf (retardation factor)

27
Q

Are ommochromes polar or non polar?

A

Polar (they do not move very far in most solvents.

28
Q

Are pteridines polar or non polar?

A

Non-polar (will travel further up the paper)

29
Q

What colour are ommochromes?

A

Brown.

Formed from the amino acid tryptophan by several enzyme-catalyzed steps.

30
Q

What colour are pteridines?

A

Red.

Formed from the nucleotide GTP and or a series of biochemical steps

31
Q

What needs to happen in order for ommochromes to be synthesized?

A

Tryptophan must be transported into a vesicle by ABC transporters (membrane protein)

32
Q

What are ABC transporters?

A

Membrane proteins that are part of the membrane of lysosome-like vesicles. They hydrolyze ATP to provide energy to transport sustances.

33
Q

What needs to happen in order for pteridines to be synthesized?

A

GTP must be transported into vesicles via ABC transporters

34
Q

How do you calculate the Rf ratio?

A

Rf = distance pigment traveled / distance solvent traveled

35
Q

What is PCR?

A

Polymerase chain reaction.

Technique used to amplify a specific piece of target DNA.

36
Q

What are the steps of PCR?

A

1) Break it down (Denature it with heat) 94

2) Prime it (Lower the temperature) 50-68

3) Elongate it (Heat it up again) 72

37
Q

What is the 1st step of PCR?

A

Denaturing.

The DNA is broken into a single strand. Heated up to 94-96 C

*Thermostable Taq polymerase is not affected by this step

38
Q

What is the 2nd step of PCR?

A

Priming

Primers “anneal” (hydrogen bonds) to the target DNA at their complimentary sequences. Temp is brought down slightly 50-68 C

39
Q

What is the 3rd step of PCR?

A

Elongation

Taq polymerase extends the complimentary strand of DNA from the primers. Temp is brought back up slightly 72 C

40
Q

PV92

A

Alu

Its an insertion on a region of chromosome 16

+ =741 base pairs in length
- = 341 base pairs

41
Q

Formula for allelic frequency?

A

2 X (homo) + (hetero) / 2 X (#students)

BIOL 126 Physiological basis of life (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions