Lab exam #2 Flashcards
In breeding soundness evaluation in males what do they check for?
Clinical assessment, BCS, BW, structural conformation, testicular characteristics, spermatic cords, testicular circumference, semen collection and analysis
scrotal circumference has a positive correlation between
scrotal circumference and testicular weight, number of sperm in the testes and number of sperm in the epididymis
What do they feel for during manual palpation
the consistency and structure of the spermatic cords and of the testicles and epididymis
Ways semen is collected and what it is evaluated for?
collected through:
electro-ejaculator, teaser, ai vagina, manual extraction
animals needing electro-ejaculator
bovine/equine, small ruminants
animals needing teasers
bovine/equine, porcine
function of the acromosmal cap in the head of spermatozoa
digestion of the zona pellucida on the female oocyte, and prevention of polyspermia
- contains enzymes for digestion (acrosin)
the function of the nucleus in the head of spermatozoa
storage of the ānā chromosome
mitochondria on sperm provides
energy for movement of the flagellum
function of the tail
movement of sperm, powered by mitochondria
functions of accessory glands and sperm
increase sperm survivability by adding special secretions
vesicular gland functions
provide energy for the mitochondria, allowing ATP production for flagellar movement
prostate function
liquify semen after ejaculation
bulbourethral gland function
increase viscosity of semen to form a plug
extenders and cryoprotectants are used for? What are the types of cryoprotectants and extenders
They are used for cryopreservation to preserve cells or tissue at negative temperatures (-190 degrees F)
extenders- milk, egg yolk
cryoprotectants- glycerol, DMSO
what do cryoprotectants do
they are added o the cells to protect and allow them to survive freezing and thawing under controlled conditions
what do extenders do
solution usually containing egg yolk or milk and a buffer such as Tris or citrate that extends the life of sperm
cells that stain dark are? and what about the cells that do not stain dark? What is the percentage of normal motility?
cells stained dark- not viable
not dark- viable
should be on average 60-75% viable
how to calculate cells per ml
of cells per square x dilution factor x 10^4
how to get the dilution factor
sperm+ saline/sperm = x
x/# of squares= dilution factor
how to asses quality of sperm
progressive motility, viability, morphological abnormalities, determining number of sperm
cells within seminiferous tubules and what they secrete
leydig- testosterone
sertoli- androgens / estrogen
epididymis is made up of what cells
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with basal cells and columnar cells with stereocillia
ductus defers has what cells
pseudostratified columnar and basal cells
seminal vesicles have what type of cells
pseudostratified glandular epithelium with muscle
what do the seminal vesicles secrete
proteins, sugars, and prostaglandins
prostate contains what cells and what does it contain that makes the structure unique?
contains the glandular epithelium it also contains prostatic concretions
bulbourethral glands contain what type of cells and muscle
glandular epithelium with the bulbospongiosus /bulbogalndularis
urethra cells
stratified columnar epithelium
penis cells?
stratified squamous epithelium
what are the muscles that surround the urethra
corpus cavernous, corpus spongiosum
oocyte is surrounded by what cells
single squamous cells
secondary follicles are surrounded by what cells and what do they secrete
granulosa cells that secrete estrogen
tertiary follicles are surrounded by what follicles and what do they secrete
granulosa cells- estrogen
theca cells- testosterone
follicular antrum
