Lab exam #2

Question 1

In breeding soundness evaluation in males what do they check for?

Answer 1

Clinical assessment, BCS, BW, structural conformation, testicular characteristics, spermatic cords, testicular circumference, semen collection and analysis

Question 2

scrotal circumference has a positive correlation between

Answer 2

scrotal circumference and testicular weight, number of sperm in the testes and number of sperm in the epididymis

Question 3

What do they feel for during manual palpation

Answer 3

the consistency and structure of the spermatic cords and of the testicles and epididymis

Question 4

Ways semen is collected and what it is evaluated for?

Answer 4

collected through:

electro-ejaculator, teaser, ai vagina, manual extraction

Question 5

animals needing electro-ejaculator

Answer 5

bovine/equine, small ruminants

Question 6

animals needing teasers

Answer 6

bovine/equine, porcine

Question 7

function of the acromosmal cap in the head of spermatozoa

Answer 7

digestion of the zona pellucida on the female oocyte, and prevention of polyspermia
- contains enzymes for digestion (acrosin)

Question 8

the function of the nucleus in the head of spermatozoa

Answer 8

storage of the “n” chromosome

Question 9

mitochondria on sperm provides

Answer 9

energy for movement of the flagellum

Question 10

function of the tail

Answer 10

movement of sperm, powered by mitochondria

Question 11

functions of accessory glands and sperm

Answer 11

increase sperm survivability by adding special secretions

Question 12

vesicular gland functions

Answer 12

provide energy for the mitochondria, allowing ATP production for flagellar movement

Question 13

prostate function

Answer 13

liquify semen after ejaculation

Question 14

bulbourethral gland function

Answer 14

increase viscosity of semen to form a plug

Question 15

extenders and cryoprotectants are used for? What are the types of cryoprotectants and extenders

Answer 15

They are used for cryopreservation to preserve cells or tissue at negative temperatures (-190 degrees F)
extenders- milk, egg yolk
cryoprotectants- glycerol, DMSO

Question 16

what do cryoprotectants do

Answer 16

they are added o the cells to protect and allow them to survive freezing and thawing under controlled conditions

Question 17

what do extenders do

Answer 17

solution usually containing egg yolk or milk and a buffer such as Tris or citrate that extends the life of sperm

Question 18

cells that stain dark are? and what about the cells that do not stain dark? What is the percentage of normal motility?

Answer 18

cells stained dark- not viable
not dark- viable
should be on average 60-75% viable

Question 19

how to calculate cells per ml

Answer 19

of cells per square x dilution factor x 10^4

Question 20

how to get the dilution factor

Answer 20

sperm+ saline/sperm = x

x/# of squares= dilution factor

Question 21

how to asses quality of sperm

Answer 21

progressive motility, viability, morphological abnormalities, determining number of sperm

Question 22

cells within seminiferous tubules and what they secrete

Answer 22

leydig- testosterone

sertoli- androgens / estrogen

Question 23

epididymis is made up of what cells

Answer 23

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with basal cells and columnar cells with stereocillia

Question 24

ductus defers has what cells

Answer 24

pseudostratified columnar and basal cells

Question 25

seminal vesicles have what type of cells

Answer 25

pseudostratified glandular epithelium with muscle

Question 26

what do the seminal vesicles secrete

Answer 26

proteins, sugars, and prostaglandins

Question 27

prostate contains what cells and what does it contain that makes the structure unique?

Answer 27

contains the glandular epithelium it also contains prostatic concretions

Question 28

bulbourethral glands contain what type of cells and muscle

Answer 28

glandular epithelium with the bulbospongiosus /bulbogalndularis

Question 29

urethra cells

Answer 29

stratified columnar epithelium

Question 30

penis cells?

Answer 30

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 31

what are the muscles that surround the urethra

Answer 31

corpus cavernous, corpus spongiosum

Question 32

oocyte is surrounded by what cells

Answer 32

single squamous cells

Question 33

secondary follicles are surrounded by what cells and what do they secrete

Answer 33

granulosa cells that secrete estrogen

Question 34

tertiary follicles are surrounded by what follicles and what do they secrete

Answer 34

granulosa cells- estrogen
theca cells- testosterone
follicular antrum