Exam Questions Flashcards
In what stage of development would you expect to find the corpus luteum?
You would find the corpus luteum after a follicle is mature and developed, right time for impregnation.
What are of the organ would you find the corpus luteum?
It is developed on follicle
Hormones synthesized in Corpus Luteum
Progesterone-maintain pregnancy Oxytocin Relaxin Inhibin Activin
What type of epithelium covers the lining of the cervix?
Serosa epithelial cells
What determines the type of cervix in ruminants?
Annular rings
Name 3 Functions of the cervix
Transportation vehicle for sperm
Selection for viable sperm
sperm reservoir- found in localized crypts
prevents entry of foreign material
expansion/dilation during parturition
enzymatic degradation of connective tissue
What parts are within the oviduct and what are their functions?
Mesovarium -protect and is the suspensory ligament of the ovary
Mesosaplinx- The mesentery and protector of the ovary
mesometrium- the suspensory ligament of the uterus
What structure would you find in ruminant uterine horns, and what is their function?
Caruncles are found within ruminants and they form placentomes when they fuse with fetal cotyledon.
Functions to help fetal transport into the cervix and the site of attachment for the placenta
What is the only accessory sex gland that you can observe in dogs?
prostate
What two regions are the ovaries separated into
Coretex and Medulla
What is the function of the cortex?
It is the main functional area of the ovary and performs gametogenic and endocrine functions
What is the primordial and primary follicle and when is it seen?
The primordial follicle is a resting oocyte surrounded by flattened follicle cells, it is the first follicle produced after corpus Albican regression.
The primary follicle is an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cells and happens after the development of the primordial follicle.
Where fo you find the zone pellucida, granules cells, basement membrane, theca internal/externa?
They are found within the tertiary follicle
Name follicular layers from oocyte then outward
zona pellucida (surrounding oocyte) , corona radiata (single layer cells surrounding oocyte), Cumulus oophorus (cells that oocyte sits on), Follicular Fluid (fluid which is secreted by granulosa cells), granulosa cells (endocrine cells, receptors for FSH, produce estrogens and inhibit), Basement Membrane (separate theca cells from granulosa cells), Theca Interna (endocrine cells, receptors for LH, produces androgens)
When does the corpus hemorrhagicum appear?
It appears at the beginning of of follicular development in which the corpus luteum is in development
When does the corpus albicans appear?
It appears after there was no fertilization of the oocyte, and the corpus luteum regresses becoming the corpus albicans that has lots of connective tissue
Where is the oviduct located?
Tube structure from connective ovary to uterus
What are the different structures within the oviduct? staring closest to ovary
infundibulum, ampulla, ampullarwy-isthmic junction, isthmus, and the utero-tubal junction.
What is the ovarian bursa?
Sac of connective tissue and ligaments surrounding the ovary
Where does fertilization usually occur?
IN the ampulla
What is the outermost layer that functions are uterus support?
Perimetrium
What is the cervix?
rigid portions uterine tract that separates the external environment fro the internal environment.
Layers of the cervix
serosa, musculares, and mucosa
main structures of male reproduction ?
Scrotum, testis, urethra, epididymis, spermatic cord, pens, prepuce and the accessory sex glands
Function of the testis
produces sperm and secretes testosterone
What is in the tunica albuginea
It is a connective tissue sheath that encases the seminiferous tubules and the leydig cells
What is the main source of testosterone
The leydig cells
What are the layers protecting the testes (outside to inside)
Scrotum ( outer layer), Tunica Dartos ( smooth muscle), Parietal Vaginal Tunic ( Outer portion of vaginal cavity ), vaginal cavity , Visceral vaginal tunic (layer of perimetric), tunica albuginea
Where is the tunica vaginalis located and what 3 layers are within?
Parietal and visceral vaginal tunic, and the vaginal cavity is in between both
What is the difference between Sertoli cells and leydig cells?
Leydig cells secrete testosterone
Sertoli cells secrete estrogen
What is the function of the epididymis and where can it be found?
Function of epididymis is sperm transport, sperm concentration, secretion of protein/ other fluids, storage of sperm (tail), and sperm maturation. Found in testes and in connects to penis for ejaculation
What is the site spermatogenesis
seminiferous tubules
Where are sertoli cells found
germinal epithelium
What helps with thermoregulation
Scrotum
What structure helps to transport spermatozoa
mediastinum is the elevator to epididymis
components of the spermatic cord
ductus deferens, spermatic artery and veins, pampiniform plexus (important for thermoregulation), cremaster muscle, nerves and lymphatics
What is the function of testicular thermoregulation
Regulation of testes temperature, is about 4-6 degrees celsius cooler than body temperature
What are considered accessory sex glands
vesicular glands (secrete proteins, sugars, prostaglandin), prostate gland ( modify the vaginal envy to enhance sperm survival), bulbourethral gland (secretes protein and mucus)
what is the function of the urethra
tarnsports sperm
Parts of the penis
Base, Head and glands
what are the two types of penis, and what is the difference?
Vascular penis seen in humans, horses, dogs, etc.
Fibroelastic penis in ruminants and boar
