lab exam

Question 1

what are the different tissues?

Answer 1

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 2

different epithelial cells

Answer 2

squamous type cells (thin, flat cells), cuboidal (square in shape with a centrally positioned nucleus) or columnar (rectangular, with the nuclei at the base of the cell

Question 3

where are simple epithelial cell layers found?

Answer 3

Simple epithelial tissue layers are found on the surface of organs whose function is to secrete or absorb substances

Question 4

where are the stratified epithelial cell layers found?

Answer 4

Stratified cell layers are found where protection or durability are required at the surface

Question 5

what are the cells in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 5

The upper respiratory tract demonstrates a specialized type of epithelial layer termed pseudostratified ciliated columnar. The nuclei of the simple columnar epithelium are located at various heights, giving the illusion of a stratified layer, and the cell surface displays outgrowths, or “cilia”, whose function is to aid in the movement of air and mucous

Question 6

what are goblet cells?

Answer 6

Another specialized epithelial cell is the Goblet cell, a vase-shaped cell that secretes mucus. Goblet cells are found interspersed in the epithelial layer of organs who rely on mucous secretions for lubrication and protection.

Question 7

two types of connective tissue

Answer 7

loose (areolar)
dense

Question 8

whats dense connective tissue?

Answer 8

Dense connective tissue displays a more solid matrix, thereby providing more support. The matrix can be fibrous, providing elasticity, or more rigid, such as that found in cartilage and bone.

Question 9

what is loose connective tissue?

Answer 9

Loose connective (areolar) tissue appears just as it would be expected – loosely associated collagen fibers and cells (fibroblasts). Adipose cells are usually found within loose connective tissue and can be recognized as large, empty-appearing cells with the nucleus pushed to the side.

Question 10

three types of muscle tissue

Answer 10

a) Skeletal muscle tissue is found in somatic (voluntary) muscle and is made up of large, multinucleated cells with observable striations.
b) Smooth muscle tissue is found in visceral (involuntary) muscle and is comprised of smaller cells with one nucleus and no striations.
c) Cardiac (heart) muscle appears as intermediate between the two, the cells are smaller with 1-2 nuclei, striations (difficult to observe), and intercalated discs.

Question 11

what are the three levels of skin?

Answer 11

i) outer epidermis (epithelial) with a non-cellular keratin layer on the surface. This keratin layer is secreted by the epithelial cells and provides additional protection.
ii) dermis (dense connective tissue)
iii) hypodermis (loose connective tissue)