lab exam Flashcards
what is a dependent variable
what you are measuring. It depends on the reaction or the test
what is an independent variable
what you are testing or what you are in control of or what you manipulate.
what is a hypothesis
never a question, statement , not proven true, supports the test
null hypothesis
represents a theory that has been put forward, either because it is believed to be true or because it is to be used as. basis for argument , but has not been proven.
alternate hypothesis
is a statement of what a statistical hypothesis test is set up to establish.
scientific method
- the observation and question
- the hypothesis
3.experimentation and data collection - results and data analysis
- conclusions
publishing and peer review process
- get an education
2.condunct research - write it up
4.submit to a journal
5.first check - peer review
- first decision
- revise
- re-submit
- accepted
after published
citation
benedict’s test for what and what color
monosaccharides and rust red
Iodine indicator tests for what and what color do they turn
polysaccharides( starches) and dark blue
biuret’s reagent tests for what and what color does it turn
proteins and it turns blue-> violet
sudan IV tests for what and what color does it change
lipids and it turns red
what is the difference of DNA and RNA
RNA- ribonucleic acid and uricle
DNA - deoxyribose and thymine
protein is what
genes code forc, forming of amino acids are peptide
cell theory
.every organism is made up of at least one cell
. a cell is the basic unit of life
.cells are produced by division of pre-existing cells
prokaryotic cells
. lack membrane bound organelles and nucleus
. relatively simple interior structure
. region of DNA ( nucleoid ) instead of a nucleus
. DNA single circular molecule
different types of prokaryotes
bacteria-
.coccus ( round / spherical shape)
. bacillus (rod- shaped)
.spirillum ( corkscrew/ spiral shape )
, archaea, cyanobacteria
eukaryotic cells
. endomembrane system and membrane- bound organelles
. complex interior structure
.DNA in nucleus
. DNA in chromatin
. large ribosomes
. reproduce by mitosis and meiosis
.larger cells
types of eukaryotes
.protists
. fungi
.plants
.animals
surface area in diffusion does what
can either decrease or increase depending on the surface area
permeable and semi permeable
semi permeable is when only few things are allowed in normally coded for the cell. and permeable is when everything is allowed in.
what is osmosis
osmosis is when water moves across the cell membrane by diffusion
peroxidase experiment
guaiacol is a color changing indicator that becomes more yellow-orange as the enzyme reaction progresses
what enzyme was used in the experiment
peroxidase
enzymes function as biological —–
catalysts
activation energy
the minimum amount of energy needed for the reaction to proceed
describe the function of an enzyme
lowering activation energy
what is an example of a high energy molecule that is converted into a smaller energy packets
glucose —- ATP
Aerobic
respiration occurs when oxygen is present . much more energy efficient and occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes
anaerobic
respiration occurs in absence of oxygen; much less energy-efficient
what is the difference in the absence of oxygen in prokaryotes and animals
prokaryotes do fermentation and animals do lactic acid production.
in the cellular respiration lab we did what
measured the amount of co2 produced during fermentation
