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Biology 103 > Lab Exam #1 (labs 1-5) > Flashcards

Lab Exam #1 (labs 1-5) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an INDEPENDENT variable?

A

The variable that is being manipulated.

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2
Q

What is a DEPENDENT variable?

A

What you expect to change in an experiment.

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3
Q

What is a CONTROLLED variable?

A

Any variable the needs to remain constant (the same) during the experiment.

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4
Q

Qualitative data

A

Qualities observed (e.g. colours, smells, sounds)

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5
Q

Quantitative data

A

Quantities observed (e.g. numbers, calculations)

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6
Q

Convert the following
1km=____m
1m=_____cm
1m=_____mm
1mm=____um

A

1000m
100cm
1000mm
1000um

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7
Q

Convert the following
1kg=____g
1g=_____mg
1mg=____ug

A

1000g
1000mg
1000ug

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8
Q

Convert the following
1L=____mL
1mL=____uL

A

1000mL
1000uL

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9
Q

What is a HYPOTHESIS?

A

A theoretical explanation that can be tested for its validity.

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10
Q

Which way do the X and Y axis go?

A

X=horizontally (independent v)
Y=vertically (dependent v)

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11
Q

What is the term used when you attempt to explain the results of an experiment?

A

Discussion

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12
Q

What is it called when the variables are being measured over time and the data points are connected by a line?

A

Linear trends

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13
Q

What atoms are found in water molecules?

A

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

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14
Q

What bonds are found IN water molecules?

A

Polar covalent bonds

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15
Q

What bonds are found BETWEEN water molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

What ions can water molecules dissociate into?

A

Positively charged H ions and negatively charged OH ions

+H=Hydrogen
-OH=Hydroxide

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17
Q

Difference between HEAT and TEMP

A

Heat= total Kinetic energy
Temp= average Kinetic energy

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18
Q

2 examples of waters resistance to temperature changes that are useful for life on earth

A

1) Humans sweating to lower internal body temp

2)The ocean absorbing heat along coastlines to maintain certain wildlife

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19
Q

What is density?

A

The mass divided by volume

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20
Q

What is mass?

A

The density multiplied by volume

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21
Q

What is volume?

A

The mass divided by density

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22
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules and connection of hydrogen bonds.

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23
Q

What is an AMPHIPATHIC substance?

A

A substance that has both polar and nonpolar portions (e.g. soaps)

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24
Q

What is ADHESION in terms of water?

A

If something is polar the water will be attracted and want to adhere (stick) to it. (e.g. water sticking to a glass or climbing up a root of a plant)

STICKS TO OTHER THINGS

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25
Q

What is COHESION in terms of water?

A

Cohesion means that water wants to stick to itself. (e.g. water droplet on a counter)

STICKS TO ITSELF

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26
Q

What does water SOLUBLE mean?

A

able to dissolve in water

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27
Q

What is CAPILLARY ACTION?

A

The movement of water within the spaces of an object due to the forces of adhesion, cohesion and surface tension. (e.g. water moving up a straw or glass tube or water moving through a paper towel or cloth or plant or tears moving through tear ducts)

28
Q

Ratio of ions for something that is Acidic

A

Higher amount of Hydrogen+ ions (1-6.9 pH)

29
Q

Ration of ions for something that is Basic

A

Higher amount of Hydroxide- ions (7.1-14 pH)

30
Q

pH of Tomato juice?

A
  1. acidic
31
Q

pH of 7-up?

A

3.5 acidic

32
Q

pH of baking soda?

A

8-9. Basic

33
Q

pH of oven cleaner?

A

10.5. Basic

34
Q

pH of lemon juice?

A

2.5. Acidic

35
Q

pH of hand soap?

A
  1. Acidic
36
Q

What colour happens when you test something that is Basic?

A

The darker the green the more basic

37
Q

What colour happens when you test something that is Acidic?

A

The brighter pink the more acidic

38
Q

What is the field magnification (mm/um) of the low objective lens?

A

4.5mm or 4500um

39
Q

What is the field magnification (mm/um) of the middle objective lens?

A

1.8mm or 1800um

40
Q

What is the field magnification (mm/um) of the high objective lens?

A

0.45mm or 450um

41
Q

What was the single-celled eukaryotic organism we look at in lab?

A

Paramecium caudatum

42
Q

Tell me some things about the paramecium?

A

Single cell eukaryote (300um)
double nuclei
thin lining of cilia around plasma membrane

43
Q

Other features you might see on a paramecium?

A

water vacuole, oral groove

44
Q

Name that cell that looks like a fried egg

A

Squamous epithelial cell

45
Q

WTF is SLOWCO?

A

S stage clips flush to side of stage
L lower stage fully
O objective lens down X4
W wipe lenses
C Cord wrapped around base
O ocular lenses face back cabinet

46
Q

What was the independent variable of the potato core lab?

A

The concentration of salt NaCl

47
Q

What was the dependent variable of the potato core lab?

A

The potato cores mass

48
Q

What are some controlled variables of the potato core lab?

A

Size of the cores
same type potato
same temp
same time allotted

49
Q

Which concentrations were Hypotonic to the potato cells?

A

0% 0.25% 0.5%

50
Q

Which concentrations were Hypertonic to the potato cells?

A

0.75% 1% 2%

51
Q

Which concentration was closest to isotonic to the potato cells?

A

0.75%

52
Q

What is Cytoplasmic Streaming?

A

(The chloroplasts in a plant cell moving in a cycle within the cell)
when the central vacuole swells with water it forces the chloroplast to move around the inner edges of the cell

53
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules through the cells partially permeable membrane

54
Q

What is the structure and function of an enzyme?

A

Structure: An enzyme is a protein comprised of amino acids linked together in peptide chains. The have an ACTIVE SITE where the SUBSTRATE attaches to.

Function: to help speed up the chemical reaction. Enzymes lower the ACTIVATION ENERGY required to turn reactants into products.

Lab CC

55
Q

What is this equation in words:
H2O2(liq) + dH2O(liq) –> O2?

A

Hydrogen peroxide + Distilled water + Catalas –> Water + oxygen gas

56
Q

What organic macromolecules make up enzymes?

A

Proteins (amino acids with peptide bonds)

57
Q

What factors could effect an enzymes activity?

A

Temperature, pH Inhibitors

58
Q

What was the independent variable of the enzyme experiment?

A

pH level

59
Q

what does “c” mean in terms of converting

A

-2

60
Q

what does “K” mean in terms of converting

A

3

61
Q

what does “m” mean in terms of converting

A

-3

62
Q

what does “u” mean in terms of converting

A

-6

63
Q

which way do you move the decimal if its and negative

A

to the right

64
Q

which was do you move the decimal if its positive

A

to the left

65
Q

which was does (+) go vs (-) for decimal movement

A

+ ——>
<——- -

66
Q

what is the ALLOSTERIC site

A

where the noncompetitive inhibitors attach to the enzyme

Biology 103 (5 decks)

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