Lab exam 1 Flashcards
Major organs of integumentary system
Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
Functions of the integumentary system
Protect from environmental hazards, regulate body temp, provide sensory information
Major organs of skeletal system
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow
Functions of skeletal system
Support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals, forms blood cells
Major organs of muscular system
Skeletal muscles, tendons
Functions of muscular system
Movement, protection and support for other tissues, maintains body temp
Major organs for nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs
Nervous system functions
Directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions
Major organs of endocrine system
Pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreas, suprarenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissues
Endocrine system functions
Directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use, controls many structural and functional changes during development
Major organs of cardiovascular system
Heart, blood, blood vessels
Functions of cardiovascular system
Distribute blood cells, water, nutrients, waste, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and heat
Major organs of lymphoid system
Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
Functions of lymphoid system
defend against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to blood stream
Major organs of respiratory system
Nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Respiratory system functions
Delivers air to alveoli, provides oxygen to blood stream, removes carbon dioxide from blood stream, produces sounds for communication
Major organs of digestive system
Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Functions of digestive system
Process & digest food, absorb & conserve water, absorb nutrients, store energy
Major organs of urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions of urinary system
Excrete waste from body, control water balance, store urine, regulate blood ion concentration, regulate pH
Major organs of male reproductive system
Testes, epididymides, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
Male reproductive system functions
Produce sperm and hormones, sexual intercourse
Major organs of female reproductive system
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
Female reproductive system functions
Produces oocytes and hormones, supports developing embryo, provides milk, sexual intercourse
Simple diffusion
Movement of substances from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Movement along the concentration gradient
Osmosis
Movement of water from region of high concentration to low concentration
Active transport
Movement with carrier molecules from region of lower concentration to higher concentration
serous fluid functions
reduces friction between organs and walls of body cavities
serous membrane locations
line body cavities that do not open directly to the outside of the body
positive feedback
effector intensifies stimulus
negative feedback
effector opposes the original stimulus
effector
cell or organ that responds to instructions
control center
integrates information, issues instruction
receptor
detects a stimulus or change in the body
eyepiece function
contains ocular lens, magnifies images
nosepiece function
contains objective lenses
objective lenses function
magnifies image
body tube function
holds nosepiece and eyepiece
arm function
support, provides handle
light source function
directs light through specimen
base function
flat surface, contains light source
condenser function
converges light beam
stage function
supports slide
mechanical stage control knobs functions
precise movement of slide
stage clip functions
holds slide in place
coarse adjustment knob function
movement for initial focus
fine adjustment knob function
bring specimen into sharp focus
diaphragm function
controls amount of light
vesicle function
transportation and communication
nucleus function
controls activities of cell, carries genes
mitochondrion function
generate energy for cell
nuclear membrane function
protects nucleus
nucleolus function
produce ribosomes
lysosome function
waste disposal
golgi complex function
process and package proteins and lipids
smooth ER function
lipid synthesizing
rough ER function
protein processing
ribosome function
protein synthesis
cytoplasm function
protects internal organelles
Endocytosis
Materials move into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane
Exocytosis
Materials move out of a cell, vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release contents into extracellular fluids
Transcytosis
Combination of endocytosis and exocytosis, transports a substance rapidly through a cell
scanning objective lens power
4
low power objective lens power
10
high power objective lens power
40
ocular lens power
10
what cavity is the small intestine located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity are the lungs located in?
Pleural cavities
What cavity is the pancreas located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity are the kidneys located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity is the urinary bladder located in?
pelvic cavity
what cavity is the brain located in?
cranial cavity
what cavity is the heart located in?
pericardial cavity
what cavity is the spinal cord located in?
vertebral cavity
what cavity are the ovaries located in?
pelvic cavity
what cavity is the liver located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity is the esophagus located in
mediastinum
What cavity is the trachea in?
mediastinum
what region is the larynx in?
cervical
what region is the thyroid gland in?
cervical
Which quadrant is the liver in?
right upper
visceral pericardium location
covers surface of heart
The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the __________.
diaphragm
Dermis contains ___
hair follicles, sweat glands, nerves, sensory receptors
Eccrine sweat gland function
decreases body temp by evaporative cooling
Meissner’s corpuscle function
detects touch
Pacinian corpuscle function
detects heavy pressure
Subcutaneous layer function
binds skin to underlying muscle
stratum corneum
uppermost layer of epidermis, composed of dead keratinized cells
stratum basale
layer of rapidly dividing cells in epidermis
stratum granulosm
cells fill with keratin then flatten and die
