Exam 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of the structures of the body and their physical relationships among other body parts
Physiology
Study of Anatomical functions
Homeostasis
All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment
Anatomical position
Facing forward, hands at sides, palms forward, feet shoulder length apart
Cytology
Study of cellular structure and function
Simple diffusion
Movement of substances from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Movement along the concentration gradient
Osmosis
Movement of water from region of high concentration to low concentration
Active transport
Movement with carrier molecules from region of lower concentration to higher concentration
Filtration
Smaller molecules are forced through porous membranes
Hypertonic solution
Contains more solute than found inside of cell
Hypotonic solution
Contains less solute than found inside cell
Isotonic solution
Contains same concentration of solute as found inside the cell
Vesicles
Small sac formed by budding from a membrane
Endocytosis
Materials move into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane
Exocytosis
Materials move out of a cell, vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release contents into extracellular fluids
Transcytosis
Combination of endocytosis and exocytosis, transports a substance rapidly through a cell
Histology
Study of tissues and their structures
Major organs of integumentary system
Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
Functions of the integumentary system
Protect from environmental hazards, regulate body temp, provide sensory information
Major organs of skeletal system
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow
Functions of skeletal system
Support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals, forms blood cells
Major organs of muscular system
Skeletal muscles, tendons
Functions of muscular system
Movement, protection and support for other tissues, maintains body temp
Major organs for nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs
Nervous system functions
Directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions
Major organs of endocrine system
Pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreas, suprarenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissues
Endocrine system functions
Directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use, controls many structural and functional changes during development
Endocrine system functions
Directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use, controls many structural and functional changes during development
Major organs of cardiovascular system
Heart, blood, blood vessels
Functions of cardiovascular system
Distribute blood cells, water, nutrients, waste, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and heat
Major organs of lymphoid system
Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
Functions of lymphoid system
defend against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to blood stream
Major organs of respiratory system
Nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
Respiratory system functions
Delivers air to alveoli, provides oxygen to blood stream, removes carbon dioxide from blood stream, produces sounds for communication
Major organs of digestive system
Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Functions of digestive system
Process & digest food, absorb & conserve water, absorb nutrients, store energy
Major organs of urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions of urinary system
Excrete waste from body, control water balance, store urine, regulate blood ion concentration, regulate pH
Major organs of male reproductive system
Testes, epididymides, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
Male reproductive system functions
Produce sperm and hormones, sexual intercourse
Major organs of female reproductive system
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
Female reproductive system functions
Produces oocytes and hormones, supports developing embryo, provides milk, sexual intercourse
what cavity is the small intestine located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity are the lungs located in?
Pleural cavities
What cavity is the pancreas located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity are the kidneys located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity is the urinary bladder located in?
pelvic cavity
what cavity is the brain located in?
cranial cavity
what cavity is the heart located in?
pericardial cavity
what cavity is the spinal cord located in?
vertebral cavity
what cavity are the ovaries located in?
pelvic cavity
what cavity is the liver located in?
abdominal cavity
what cavity is the esophagus located in
mediastinum
receptor
detects a stimulus or change in the body
control center
integrates information, issues instruction
effector
cell or organ that responds to instructions
negative feedback
effector opposes the original stimulus
positive feedback
effector intensifies stimulus
