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A&P > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Condyle

A

Smooth, rounded articular process

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2
Q

Foramen

A

rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves

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3
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression

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4
Q

tuberosity

A

smaller, rough projection

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5
Q

Number of bones in axial skeleton

A

80

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6
Q

what are fontanelles?

A

areas of non ossified fibrous connective tissue between cranial bones

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7
Q

number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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8
Q

number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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9
Q

Sacrum location

A

inferior to lumbar vertebrae

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10
Q

C1 name

A

Atlas

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11
Q

C2 name

A

Axis

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12
Q

C1 articulates with ___

A

the skull

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13
Q

L5 articulates with ___

A

Sacrum

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14
Q

Smallest and lightest vertebrae

A

Cervical

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15
Q

number of true rib pairs

A

7

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16
Q

number of false rib pairs

A

5

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17
Q

Floating ribs

A

no attachment to sternum

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18
Q

number of bones in appendicular skeleton

A

126

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19
Q

acetabulum

A

hip socket

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20
Q

long bone characteristics

A

longer than wide

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21
Q

long bone examples

A

humerus, radius, ulna

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22
Q

short bone characteristics

A

cube like, contain mostly spongy bone

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23
Q

short bone examples

A

wrist, ankle

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24
Q

flat bone characteristics

A

thin, flat, curved

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25
Q

flat bone examples

A

sternum, ribs, some skull

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26
Q

irregular bone characteristics

A

complicated shapes

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27
Q

irregular bone examples

A

vertebrae, hip bone, some skull

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28
Q

sutural bone characteristics

A

small, flat, irregular

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29
Q

sutural bone examples

A

between bones of skull

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30
Q

sesamoid bone characteristics

A

small, flat

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31
Q

sesamoid bone examples

A

patella

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32
Q

synovial fluid functions

A

lubrication, shock absorption, nutrient distribution

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33
Q

compact bone characteristics

A

homogenous, dense, smooth, made of osteons

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34
Q

compact bone function

A

resists compression and tension

35
Q

spongy bone characteristics

A

composed of
small needle-like pieces called
trabeculae, lots of space

36
Q

spongy bone functions

A

reduces weight of skeleton, resists force from all directions

37
Q

cartilage found at the end of long bones

A

articular cartilage

38
Q

epiphysis location

A

ends of long bones

39
Q

diaphysis location

A

shaft of long bone

40
Q

metaphysis function

A

connects diaphysis and epiphysis

41
Q

endosteum

A

thin membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of bones

42
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous sheath that covers long bones, contains blood vessels

43
Q

medullary cavity contains ___

A

yellow marrow in long bones

44
Q

where is red marrow found in long bones?

A

metaphyseal and epiphyseal ends

45
Q

First step of fracture healing

A

bleeding and clotting

46
Q

second step of fracture healing

A

Cells of the endosteum
and periosteum divide and migrate into fracture zone, calluses stabilize break

47
Q

third step of fracture healing

A

osteoblasts Replace central cartilage of external callus

48
Q

fourth step of fracture healing

A

Osteoblasts and osteocytes
remodel the fracture for up to a
year

49
Q

PTH ___ calcium ion levels

A

increases

50
Q

Calcitonin ___ calcium ion levels

A

decreases

51
Q

calcium phosphate makes up ____ of bone weight

A

2/3

52
Q

hydroxyapatite function

A

strength, inflexibility

53
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell that maintains matrix

54
Q

osteoblast function

A

secretes matrix compounds

55
Q

osteoclast function

A

dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals

56
Q

osteoprogenitor function

A

divide to produce osteoblasts

57
Q

Vertebral arch function

A

makes up vertebral canal for spinal cord

58
Q

intervertebral foramen function

A

lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves

59
Q

transverse processes function

A

lateral projection where laminae join pedicles

60
Q

Scapula articulates with ____

A

humerus and clavicle

61
Q

humerus articulates superiorly with ___

A

glenoid cavity of scapula

62
Q

Ulna articulates with the ___ of humerus

A

trochlea

63
Q

Ulnar notch articulates ___

A

Radius with wrist and ulna

64
Q

Carpus bones that articulate to form wrist joint

A

scaphoid and lunate

65
Q

fused bones that make up pelvic girdle

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

66
Q

Head of femur articulates with ___

A

acetabulum

67
Q

Bones that make up the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula

68
Q

Epiphyseal plate function

A

bone growth

69
Q

Movement of a synarthrosis joint

A

none

70
Q

movement of a amphiarthrosis joint

A

little

71
Q

movement of a diarthrosis joint

A

most

72
Q

What is a syndesmosis?

A

Bones connected by ligament

73
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

bones separated by fibrous cartilage

74
Q

Articular capsule function

A

prevent bones from touching

75
Q

What are bursae?

A

cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub

76
Q

tendon function

A

attach muscle around joint

77
Q

More stable = ___ Range of motion

A

LESS

78
Q

gliding joint function

A

flattened or slightly curved, limited motion

79
Q

hinge joint functions

A

angular motion in a single plane

80
Q

hinge joint examples

A

elbow, knee, ankle

81
Q

condylar joints function

A

motion in two planes

82
Q

condylar joint example

A

radiocarpal joint

83
Q

C2 to L5 articulate with two types of joints

A

gliding and sympheseal

84
Q
A

A&P (11 decks)

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