Lab: Endocrine System Flashcards
Aldosterone
adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa
type of mineralcorticoid
water and electrolyte balance
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
anterior pituitary gland
type of corticotrope
controls hormone production in adrenal cortex
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)
posterior pituitary
produced in the supraoptic nucleus
stimulates the reabsorption and retention of water by the kidneys
elevates BP by causing arterioles to contract
Calcitonin
thyroid gland
produced in parafollicular cells
stimulates osteoblasts:
promotes deposition of Ca into bone matrix
decreases blood Ca levels
Coticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
hypothalamus
stimulates pituitary gland to release ACTH
Cortisol
adrenal cortex
zona fasciculata
type of glucocorticoid
aids in chronic stress
Epinephrine
adrenal medulla
Estrogen
Ovary
generic term for several hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
anterior pituitary
type of gonadotrope
stimulates production of eggs and sperm
Glucagon
pancreas
produced by Alpha cells of pancreatic islets
converts glycogen to glucose
increases blood sugar
Glucocorticoids
adrenal cortex
zona fasciculata
ex. cortisol
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRNH)
hypothalamus
stimulates anterior pituitary to release gonadotropes (FSH and LH)
Gonadocorticoids
adrenal cortex
zona reticularis
ex. androgens
Growth hormone (GH) somatotropin
anterior pituitary
type of somatrope
promotes growth of most of the cells and tissues of the body
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
hypothalamus
inhibits anterior pituitary’s release of GH
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
hypothalamus
stimulates anterior pituitary’s release of GH
Insulin
pancreas
produced by Beta cells of pancreatic islets
converts glucose to glycogen
decreases blood sugar
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
anterior pituitary
type of gonadotrope
stimulates ovulation and testosterone production
Melatonin
pineal gland
increased release at night
regulates sleep/wake cycle
possible role in sexual maturation
Mineralocorticoids
adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa
affect salt and water balance
ex. aldosterone
Norepinephrine
adrenal medulla
Oxytocin (OT)
posterior pituitary
produced in paraventricular nucleus
stimulates contraction of mammary glands causing release of milk;
also causes uterine contractions
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) parathormone
parathyroid gland
produced by chief cells
helps raise Ca blood levels -promotes intestinal reabsorption -inhibits urinary excretion -neuron transmission, muscle contraction, clotting stimulates osteoclasts
Progesterone
ovary
Prolactin (PRL)
anterior pituitary
type of lactotrope
stimulates mammary glands to begin production of milk
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
hypothalamus
inhibits anterior pituitary’s release of PRL
Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
hypothalamus
stimulates anterior pituitary’s release of PRL
Somatostatin
pancreas
also called growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
released by Delta cells of pancreatic islets
secreted after meals;
inhibits secretion of stomach acid;
inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon from pancreas;
increases efficiency of digestion
Testosterone
testes
male secondary sex characteristics
Thymopoietin
thymus
regulates and activates T-lymphocytes, aiding in immune system function
Thymosin
thymus
regulates and activates T-lymphocytes, aiding in immune system function
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
anterior pituitary
type of thyrotrope
stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
hypothalamus
stimulates anterior pituitary’s release of TSH and PRL
Thyroxine (T4)
thyroid
produced in follicular cells formed from iodine and thyroglobin stored in colloid transported by thyroxin-binding globulin increase basal metabolic rates
Triiodothyronine (T3)
thyroid
produced in follicular cells most active thyroid hormone formed from iodine and thyroglobin stored in colloid transported by thyroxin-binding globulin increase basal metabolic rates
