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Microbiology 1 > Lab Diagnosis > Flashcards

Lab Diagnosis Flashcards

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1
Q

direct specimen

A

no normal flora present; collected from normally sterile tissue and body fluids (lung, liver, blood, CSF)

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2
Q

indirect specimen

A

no normal flora present at site BUT specimen passes through a site with normal flora during collection, becoming contaminated (vomit, urine, sputum)

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3
Q

specimen from site with normal flora

A

pathogen and normal flora are mixed at infection site (throat swab, stool, etc.); selective media for culture of pathogen or discounting normal flora

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4
Q

specimen transport

A

buffered liquid or semi-solid media with minimal nutrients, prevent drying, maintain neutral pH, minimize contaminant growth

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5
Q

anaerobic cultures

A

specimens with normally sterile sites (wound, CSF, joint fluid; NO sputum, urine, stool)

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6
Q

anaerobic culture transport

A

tissue in dry container with no oxygen, liquid in container with special medium

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7
Q

light microscopy used for _

A

gram stain, acid-fast stain, decolorize, counterstain

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8
Q

fluorescence microscopy used for _

A

auramine-rhodamine stain, mycobacteria in sputum (TB)

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9
Q

gram stain

A

differentiate gram positive and negative

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10
Q

acid fast stain

A

used when gram stain doesn’t work due to mycolic acid; confirms auramine-rhodamine test for mycobacteria

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11
Q

pink/red acid-fast

A

acid-fast positive (mycobacteria)

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12
Q

blue acid-fast

A

acid-fast negative (not mycobacteria)

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13
Q

nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)

A

PCR, transcription-mediated amplification

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14
Q

when are NAATs done?

A

before culture, directly on specimen

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15
Q

PCR used for _

A

c. diff, mycobacterium tuberculosis, bordetella pertussis, chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae

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16
Q

c. diff PCR

A

specimen is diarrhea sample

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17
Q

m. tuberculosis PCR

A

specimen is sputum sample

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18
Q

pertussis, atypical pneumonia PCRs

A

specimen is nasal swab

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19
Q

transcription mediated amplification (TMA)

A

based on repeated amplification of ribosomal RNA of microorganism

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20
Q

TMA used for _

A

neisseria gonorrheae or chlamydia trachomatis (genital swab or urine)

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21
Q

When is TMA done?

A

directly on specimen, before culture

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22
Q

immunological methods

A

antigen detection and detection of Ab against pathogen (serology)

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23
Q

antigen detection mechanisms

A

enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination

24
Q

enzyme immunoassays used for _

A

group A strep (throat swab), E.coli (stool), legionella pneumophila (urine)

25
Q

latex agglutination

A

antibody on beads

26
Q

latex agglutination used for _

A

staph. aureus AFTER culturing from specimen

27
Q

serology done at LSUHS

A

t. pallidum (syphilis)

28
Q

bacterial cultures

A

agar plates, blood culture bottles, MGIT tubes

29
Q

EMB agar

A

only gram-negative will grow

30
Q

blood agar

A

many things grow

31
Q

chocolate agar

A

many things grow, including haemophilus (flu)

32
Q

hektoen enteric agar

A

salmonella and shigella (e. coli)

33
Q

example of bacteria on EMB agar

A

k. pneumoniae

34
Q

example of bacteria on chocolate agar

A

streptococcus pneumoniae, s. aureus, k. pneumoniae, h. influenzae

35
Q

example of bacteria on blood agar

A

streptococcus pneumoniae, s. aureus, k. pneumoniae

36
Q

hemolysis

A

some bacteria secrete toxins that can lyse RBCs which can be detected on a blood agar plate

37
Q

complete hemolysis

A

beta

38
Q

partial hemolysis

A

alpha

39
Q

no hemolysis

A

gamma

40
Q

hektoen enteric agar for stool

A

salmonella or shigella

41
Q

MacConkey/sorbitol agar for stool

A

distinguishes e. coli’s

42
Q

campy agar for stool

A

campylobacter

43
Q

MacConkey agar mechanism

A

based on ability to ferment lactose –> bacteria that can will turn agar pink, such as e. coli

44
Q

usual contaminant in blood cultures

A

staph. epidermidis (USE ANTISEPTIC WIPES!!)

45
Q

which will almost always represent a true infection when found in blood culture?

A

s. aureus, e. coli, streptococcus pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa

46
Q

mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT)

A

several specimen types (sputum, pleural fluid), treated with chemicals to inactivate normal flora; growth detected by UV light

47
Q

tests for identification of organisms after culture

A

manual (spot) tests or automated systems

48
Q

spot tests

A

catalase, coagulase, oxidase

49
Q

catalase spot tests

A

all staphylococci will be positive and all streptococci will be negative

50
Q

coagulase spot tests

A

s. aureus is positive and s. epidermidis is negative

51
Q

oxidase spot tests

A

neisseria and pseudomonas are positive

52
Q

automated systems at LSUHS

A

mass spec, microscan

53
Q

mass spectrometry

A

ID takes two minutes; ID by analysis of ribosomal proteins-high abundance

54
Q

does mass spec give any info on antibiotic susceptibility?

A

no

55
Q

microscan system

A

multiwell plates each having a different ingredient (carbohydrate, protein, or nitrogen compound) and will test which ones the bacterium can metabolize

56
Q

Which plates will test for antibiotic sensitivity in the microscan system?

A

gram(-) and gram(+); NOT yeast

Microbiology 1 (5 decks)

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