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Microbiology 1 > Bacterial Growth > Flashcards

Bacterial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

growth characteristics may determine disease site example

A

bacteria requiring oxygen unlikely to be found in enteric tract

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2
Q

bacteria are identified by _

A

their metabolic characteristics

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3
Q

What is the first step in examining and identifying bacteria?

A

isolating and growing them in the lab in pure culture

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4
Q

complex media

A

contains uncharacterized mixtures of compounds; used for routine growth

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5
Q

defined media

A

contains specific chemical mixture; used for nutritional study and requires knowledge of bacterial growth requirements

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6
Q

liquid media

A

used for growing larger amounts of bacteria

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7
Q

solid media

A

used for isolating and purifying cultures, estimating viability, temporary storage, and other purposes

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8
Q

agar

A

will turn liquid media to solid media

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9
Q

enriched selective media

A

supports growth of most organisms without fastidious growth requirements

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10
Q

examples of enriched selective media

A

blood agar, chocolate agar, mueller-hinton agar, thioglycolate broth, sabouraud dextrose agar

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11
Q

blood agar

A

recovery of bacteria and fungi

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12
Q

chocolate agar

A

recovery of bacteria; haemophilus and neisseria

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13
Q

mueller-hinton agar

A

bacterial susceptibility testing

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14
Q

thioglycolate broth

A

enrichment broth for anaerobic bacteria

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15
Q

sabouraud dextrose agar

A

recovery of fungi

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16
Q

selective media

A

designed for recovery of specific organisms that may be present in mixture; supplemented with inhibitors that suppress growth of unwanted organisms

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17
Q

examples of selective media

A

macconkey agar, mannitol salt agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, middlebrook agar, CHROMagar

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18
Q

macconkey agar (selective)

A

gram-neg

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19
Q

macconkey (differential)

A

lactose-fermenting species

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20
Q

mannitol salt agar (selective)

A

staphylococci

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21
Q

mannitol salt agar (differential)

A

S. aureus

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22
Q

xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (selective)

A

salmonella and shigella

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23
Q

xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (differential)

A

salmonella and shigella

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24
Q

middlebrook agar (selective)

A

mycobacteria

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25
Q

CHROMagar

A

differential and selective for yeast

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26
Q

differential media

A

selective media can be made differential by adding specific ingredients that allow identification of an organism

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27
Q

specialized media

A

created for detection of specific organisms that may be fastidious or typically present in large mixtures of organisms

28
Q

examples of specialized media

A

buffered charcoal yeast agar (BCYE), lim broth, macconkey sorbitol agar, regan lowe agar

29
Q

BCYE agar

A

recovery of legionella and nocardia

30
Q

lim broth

A

recovery of streptococcus agalactiae

31
Q

macconkey sorbitol agar

A

recover of E. coli

32
Q

regan lowe agar

A

recovery of bordetella

33
Q

differentiation/identification in culture is based largely on _

A

sugar/amino acid metabolism

34
Q

hemolysis reaction on blood agar

A

hemolysis is a key characteristic to help distinguish among various streptococci/enterococci and staphylococci types

35
Q

alpha-hemolysis

A

greening of agar effect of H2O2 or pneumolysin; S. pneumoniae and most “viridans” strep

36
Q

beta-hemolysis

A

complete RBC lysis; exotoxins, GAS (S. pyogenes), GBS (S. agalactiae), and S. aureus

37
Q

gamma-hemolysis

A

no hemolysis; most enterococci or other staph

38
Q

bacterial growth curve

A

lag phase –> exponential growth –> stationary phase –> death phase

39
Q

phases of bacterial growth reflect _

A

populations of cells

40
Q

batch culture

A

closed system with finite resources; how to generate bacterial growth cruve

41
Q

lag phase

A

cells at the end of their previous culture history were depleted of metabolites and enzymes; now adapting to new environment

42
Q

exponential phase

A

new cell material is being synthesized at constant rate; new biomass increases in exponential manner

43
Q

how long does exponential phase last?

A

until nutrients are exhausted or toxic metabolites accumulate

44
Q

limiting factor for aerobic organisms

45
Q

stationary phase

A

equilibrium between dying and new cells

46
Q

preferred pathogenic temp

47
Q

preferred pathogenic pH

48
Q

obligate aerobes example

A

mycobacterium and pseudomonas

49
Q

microaerophiles examples

A

C. jejuni and H. pylori

50
Q

facultative anaerobes examples

A

E. coli and most clinically relevant bacteria

51
Q

obligate anaerobes examples

A

C. perfringens

52
Q

prokaryotic glycolytic pathways

A

embden-meyerhof-parnas (EMP), heterolactic pathway, and entner-doudoroff pathway (ED)

53
Q

EMP glycolysis

A

most common; net yield of 2 ATP and 2 NADH

54
Q

ED pathway

A

1 ATP/glucose

55
Q

catabolic fates of pyruvate

A

alcohol fermentation in yeast, carbon dioxide and water under aerobic conditions, and fermentation to lactate

56
Q

respiration

A

metabolism in which energy is derived from complete oxidation of a substrate by an outside electron acceptor

57
Q

What is needed for respiration?

A

glycolysis, TCA cycle, membrane with ETS, outside electron acceptor, ATPase enzyme

58
Q

_ ATPs per FADH2

59
Q

_ ATPs per NADH

60
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

uses a compound other than O2 as final electron acceptor

61
Q

fermentation

A

metabolism in which energy is derived from partial oxidation of an organic compound; no ATP generation

62
Q

fermentation does not use _

A

outside electron acceptors or ETS

63
Q

lactobacillus fermentation

64
Q

propionibacter fermentation

A

propionate

65
Q

shigella fermentation

66
Q

escherichia fermentation

67
Q

clostridium fermentation

A

isopropanol and butanol

Microbiology 1 (5 decks)

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