Lab 8a: Excretory and Reproductive Systems Flashcards
Function of excretory system, difference between male and female.
Removes dissolved metabolic waste from blood by production of urine. In women, the excretory and reproductive systems are separate. In men, partially connected.
Functions of excretory system structures
see GD for anatomy
Kidneys: filters urea from blood and condenses it into urine.
Ureter: Conducts urine from kidneys to bladder.
Bladder: Stores urine until elimination.
Urethra: Transports urine from bladder to exterior of body during urination and semen during ejaculation.
What is urine?
The end product of excretory system.
What is urea?
The chemical name for the nitrogenous waste produced by humans.
Functions of reproductive structures
see GD for anatomy
Scrotum: holds testes in an optimal temp. so that sperm can develop.
Testis: gonad that produces sperm cells and testosterone, made of seminiferous tubules.
Epdidymis: after forming in seminiferous tubules, sperm travel to this location where they mature and prepare for ejaculation.
Vas deferens: tube that transport sperm out of testes.
Penis: Erect for insertion intp vagina during sexual intercourse.
Functions of male accessory sex glands
see GD
Seminal vesicle: secretes fluid that forms semen that provide nutrients (sugar and mucus) for sperm to propel themselves through female reproductive tract.
Prostate gland: produces alkaline fluid that forms semen to protects from acidicty of vagina.
Where is sperm produced? Where is testosterone produced?
Sperm is produced inside testes, in the seminiferous tubules. Interstitial cells in between seminiferous tubules produce hormone testosterone.
Effects of testosterone on the body
Increased muscle mass, hair growth, sex drive.
What us semen
FLuid that is ejaculated from the penis during an orgasm made of sperm and secretions from accessory sex glands. 5% is semen and 95% are secretions.
What are 3 symptoms of prostate enlargement?
Pain with urination, incontinence, bloody urine.
Why does enlarged prostate result in difficult urination?
The urethra is surrounded by the prostate gland. When prostate is enlarged, it pushed against bladder and urethra.
What tests do Drs perform to detect prostate cancer?
DIgital rectal exam, prostate-specific antigen test.
Functions of female reproductive structures
See GD for anatomy
Ovary: Gonads that produce egg cells and estrogen and progesterone.
Oviduct: tube that transports egg cell from ovary to uterus.
Uterus (womb): where fetus develops and grows.
Cervix: Bottom of uterus, opens to vagina.
Vagina: Serves as birth canal trhough which baby is born. also repository for sperm during sexual intercourse.
Anatomical similarities between male and female reproductive systems
Both sexes have:
* a pair of gonads (testes and ovaries) that produce sex cells.
* Ducts that store and deliver gametes
* Structure that allow mating
What is a Pap smear, what causes cervical cancer?
Test for precancerous cells on outer part of the cervix (cervical cancer). Almost all cervical cancer is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV).
How often should Pap smear be done, and how to minimize chances of developing cervical cancer?
Should be done every 3 years beginning from age of 25 - 70. Use condoms, get HPV vaccine, get routine screening (ie Pap smear).