Lab 8 - Blood sugar Flashcards
What is the blood sugar?
The conc. of all monosaccharides present in the blood.
Blood sugar level, with exceptans
In mammalian: 4-5 mmol/l, except Ru: 2-3 mmol/l. Avian: 8-9 mmol/l
Which organs require large quantity of sugar for energy supply?
The brain and kidney
Ways to maintain stabile glucose level
- Abs. from intestines
- Glycogenolysis (phosphorolysis) in liver, prod. glucose from glycogen.
- Gluconeogenesis in liver
Which hormones influence the blood sugar conc. and how?
- Insulin - decr.
- Glucagon - incr.
- Adrenalin - incr.
- Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol) - incr.
- Growth hormone (GH/STH) - incr.
- ACTH - Incr.
What are the place of prod. for…
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Adrenalin
- Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol)
- Growth hormone (GH/STH)
- ACTH
- Pancreas beta-cells
- Pancreas alpha-cells
- Adrenal medulla
- Adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata)
- Adenohypophysis
- Adenohypophysis
What increases the…
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Adrenalin
- Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol)
- Growth hormone (GH/STH)
- ACTH
- GG in the liver, GL on the periphery glucose uptake by the cells (requires GLUT-4 transporter protein)
- GGL in liver, GNG in liver
- GGL in muscles
- GNG (prim. from a.a.)
- Lipolysis
- Glucocorticoid prod. of adrenal cortex
What decreases the…
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Adrenalin
- Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol)
- Growth hormone (GH/STH)
- ACTH
- GGL in liver an muscles, LL, GNG in liver
- GG in liver, GL in liver
- GG in muscles
- GL
- GNG (from a.a.)
- -
The lab-tests
- Effect of insulin, adrenalin and glucose injection on blood sugar conc. of rabbit
- Determination of blood glucose conc. by GOD-POD method
Materials in “1.Effect of insulin, adrenalin and glucose injection on blood sugar conc. of rabbit”
- Rabbit
- Insulin injection (actrapid inj.)
- Adrenalin inj. (tonogen inj.)
- Sterile glucose sol. (0.3mol/l)
- 70% ethanol
- Eppendorf tubes treated with heparin
- Needle for drawing of blood (18-19, 23G)
- Syringes, scissors, cotton wool
Which method is used to estimate blood glucose conc.?
- GOD-POD - Glucose oxidase peroxidase
- Glucometer: enzymes in test strip induce a color change or el.charge. This prod. is translated into a glucose measurment.
“2.Determination of blood glucose conc. by GOD-POD method”:
- Which form are the enzymes available in?
- The reaction?
- How can it be measured?
- Observations?
- Lypophilized forms
- Glucose prod. gluconic acid by GOD with water uptake and H2O2 prod. POD tranform the H2O2 to H2O in Trinder´s indicator R.
- 546 nm spectrophotometry
- Colourful condensate
What is in Trinder´s indicator reaction?
4-aminoantipyrine and phenol reagent
Materials in “2.Determination of blood glucose conc. by GOD-POD method”
- frehsly collected blood inhibited in clotting
- TCA (10%)
- eppendorf tubes
- Colour reagent: GOD and POD dissolved in phosphate buffer and colour-forming agent (4-aminoantipryin and phenol)
- Spectrohptometry
- Micropipette
- 37% water bath