Lab 8 - Blood sugar Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood sugar?

A

The conc. of all monosaccharides present in the blood.

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2
Q

Blood sugar level, with exceptans

A

In mammalian: 4-5 mmol/l, except Ru: 2-3 mmol/l. Avian: 8-9 mmol/l

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3
Q

Which organs require large quantity of sugar for energy supply?

A

The brain and kidney

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4
Q

Ways to maintain stabile glucose level

A
  1. Abs. from intestines
  2. Glycogenolysis (phosphorolysis) in liver, prod. glucose from glycogen.
  3. Gluconeogenesis in liver
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5
Q

Which hormones influence the blood sugar conc. and how?

A
  1. Insulin - decr.
  2. Glucagon - incr.
  3. Adrenalin - incr.
  4. Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol) - incr.
  5. Growth hormone (GH/STH) - incr.
  6. ACTH - Incr.
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6
Q

What are the place of prod. for…

  1. Insulin
  2. Glucagon
  3. Adrenalin
  4. Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol)
  5. Growth hormone (GH/STH)
  6. ACTH
A
  1. Pancreas beta-cells
  2. Pancreas alpha-cells
  3. Adrenal medulla
  4. Adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata)
  5. Adenohypophysis
  6. Adenohypophysis
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7
Q

What increases the…

  1. Insulin
  2. Glucagon
  3. Adrenalin
  4. Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol)
  5. Growth hormone (GH/STH)
  6. ACTH
A
  1. GG in the liver, GL on the periphery glucose uptake by the cells (requires GLUT-4 transporter protein)
  2. GGL in liver, GNG in liver
  3. GGL in muscles
  4. GNG (prim. from a.a.)
  5. Lipolysis
  6. Glucocorticoid prod. of adrenal cortex
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8
Q

What decreases the…

  1. Insulin
  2. Glucagon
  3. Adrenalin
  4. Glucocorticoids (pl.cortisol)
  5. Growth hormone (GH/STH)
  6. ACTH
A
  1. GGL in liver an muscles, LL, GNG in liver
  2. GG in liver, GL in liver
  3. GG in muscles
  4. GL
  5. GNG (from a.a.)
  6. -
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9
Q

The lab-tests

A
  1. Effect of insulin, adrenalin and glucose injection on blood sugar conc. of rabbit
  2. Determination of blood glucose conc. by GOD-POD method
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10
Q

Materials in “1.Effect of insulin, adrenalin and glucose injection on blood sugar conc. of rabbit”

A
  • Rabbit
  • Insulin injection (actrapid inj.)
  • Adrenalin inj. (tonogen inj.)
  • Sterile glucose sol. (0.3mol/l)
  • 70% ethanol
  • Eppendorf tubes treated with heparin
  • Needle for drawing of blood (18-19, 23G)
  • Syringes, scissors, cotton wool
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11
Q

Which method is used to estimate blood glucose conc.?

A
  • GOD-POD - Glucose oxidase peroxidase
  • Glucometer: enzymes in test strip induce a color change or el.charge. This prod. is translated into a glucose measurment.
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12
Q

“2.Determination of blood glucose conc. by GOD-POD method”:

  1. Which form are the enzymes available in?
  2. The reaction?
  3. How can it be measured?
  4. Observations?
A
  1. Lypophilized forms
  2. Glucose prod. gluconic acid by GOD with water uptake and H2O2 prod. POD tranform the H2O2 to H2O in Trinder´s indicator R.
  3. 546 nm spectrophotometry
  4. Colourful condensate
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13
Q

What is in Trinder´s indicator reaction?

A

4-aminoantipyrine and phenol reagent

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14
Q

Materials in “2.Determination of blood glucose conc. by GOD-POD method”

A
  • frehsly collected blood inhibited in clotting
  • TCA (10%)
  • eppendorf tubes
  • Colour reagent: GOD and POD dissolved in phosphate buffer and colour-forming agent (4-aminoantipryin and phenol)
  • Spectrohptometry
  • Micropipette
  • 37% water bath
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