Genetic engineering

Question 1

Restriction enonuclease

Answer 1

To cut DNA at specific palindrom sequence, producing sticky ends. Can be used to make Recombinant DNA

Question 2

Vectors

Answer 2

To carry DNA in to cells and ensure replication: Plasmids, phages, cosmids

Question 3

Reverse transcriptase in retrovirus

Answer 3

To copy from RNA → DNA

Question 4

Role of the DNA ligase

Answer 4

production of new covalent bonds on the DNA strand. encircles the DNA double helix

Question 5

What can carry small segments of desired DNA?

Answer 5

Plasmids

Question 6

What is the name of virus which infects microbes?

Answer 6

bacteriophage

Question 7

What are certain plasmids containing small piece of bacteriophage?

Answer 7

Cosmids

Question 8

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 8

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

Question 9

What is the technique of genetic engineering?

Answer 9

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 10

What is needed for PCR?

Answer 10

• Small amount of DNA
• Designed primers (for both DNA strands) Deoxyribonucleotides
• DNA polymerase, heat stable (Termophilus aquaticus: Taq polymerase)

Question 11

Steps of PCR method

Answer 11

• 1.95oC: Denaturation of DNA, 2 strands are separated.
• 2. 40-60oC: Designed primers bind to complementer DNA sequences.
• 3.72oC: Taq polymerase synthetizes the other DNA strand.
• Cycles are repeated 25-35x:2,4,8,18, millions of DNA molecules are synthetized.

Question 12

APPLICATION OF GENETIC ENGINEERING (GENE TRANSFER) Into microbes

Answer 12

“chemicalfactory”:hormones, vaccines etc.

Question 13

APPLICATION OF GENETIC ENGINEERING (GENE TRANSFER) Into plants

Answer 13

to gain new phenotypes –Insect resistant crops, disease resistant potatoe, enzymes produced by crops.

Question 14

APPLICATION OF GENETIC ENGINEERING (GENE TRANSFER) Into eucaryotes

Answer 14

„chimere”production(new phenotype) – hormon production in cell cultures, put DNA into fertilized egg, put somatic cells into unfertilized egg (Dolly, 1996).