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BIO 102 Lab > Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

includes organisms that are eukaryotic multicelled heterotrophs

A

Kingdom Animalia

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2
Q

capable of movement

A

motile

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3
Q

permanently attached or immobile

A

sessile

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4
Q

reproduction involving fusion of gametes (egg and sperm); the most common form of reproduction

A

sexual reproduction

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5
Q

early embryonic stage unique to animals; hollow ball stage

A

blastula

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6
Q

reproduction including budding and fragmentation

A

asexual reproduction

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7
Q

groups of like cells that perform a specific function

A

tissues

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8
Q

What do tissues group to form?

A

organs

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9
Q

List two examples of an organ.

A

heart, stomach

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10
Q

Organs link into ___ to more efficiently perform functions, such as distribution of blood or digestion.

A

organ systems

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11
Q

animals without a backbone; most animals are this

A

invertebrates

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12
Q

animals which have vertebrae/backbones

A

chordates

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13
Q

animals lacking symmetry

A

asymmetrical

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14
Q

Give an example of an asymmetrical animal.

A

most sponges

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15
Q

symmetry with body parts arranged around a central axis

A

radial symmetry

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16
Q

List some examples of a radially symmetrical animal.

A

other sponges, jellyfish, adult sea stars, a hydra

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17
Q

symmetry where the sides of the body are mirror images; linked to cephalization

A

bilateral symmetry

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18
Q

What is the most common type of symmetry in animals?

A

bilateral symmetry

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19
Q

the concentration of sensory structures in the head

A

cephalization

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20
Q

Give an example of an animal with bilateral symmetry.

A

a crayfish

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21
Q

animal-like protists

A

protozoa

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22
Q

the mouth, which brings in food and releases waste, is the only opening; a sac-like gut

A

incomplete gut

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23
Q

has both a mouth and an anus with a tubular digestive tract between; called a one-way gut

A

complete gut

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24
Q

Which type of gut is more efficient?

A

complete gut

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25
Q

organisms that lack a body cavity

A

acoelomates

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26
Q

a fluid-filled space within the body, lined on the outside with muscle tissue, surrounding the unsupported gut; a false body cavity

A

pseudocoelom

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27
Q

a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscle tissue

A

true coelom

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28
Q

include annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates (regarding lack/presence of body cavity)

A

coelomates

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29
Q

characteristics include: multicellular heterotrophic organisms, typically motile at some point during their life cycle, most common mode of reproduction is sexual (sperm and ova)

A

Kingdom Animalia

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30
Q

pores that lead into the spongocoel

A

ostia

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31
Q

a cavity in the center of the sponge

A

spongocoel

32
Q

a large opening at the top of the sponge through which water exits

A

osculum

33
Q

makes up the outer surface of the sponge body

A

epidermis

34
Q

Most sponges are ___.

how they get their food

A

filter feeders

35
Q

flagellated cells that circulate water and food through the body of the sponge, pull microscopic bits of organic matter into the cells for partial digestion

A

collar cells

36
Q

cells that move like amoeba through a gel-like matrix and perform several functions

A

amoebocytes

37
Q

tiny pointed crystalline structures made of calcium carbonate (chalky sponges) or silica (glassy sponges)

A

spicules

38
Q

functions of amoebocytes

A

produce protein fibers and spicules, secrete matrix and collect waste, form both egg and sperm for sexual reproduction

39
Q

What do sponges share their food with?

A

amoebocytes

40
Q

can deter predators and add support for sponges, used to identify a sponge species

A

spicules

41
Q

In sponges, asexual reproduction forms via ___.

A

budding or fragmentation

42
Q

roots that form from parts of the plant other than an embryonic root, called prop roots

A

adventitious roots

43
Q

can serve in the process of natural cloning when parts of plants break loose from the parent plant and take root in soil, used in artificial cloning when people use cuttings to grow additional plants

A

adventitious roots

44
Q

pore-bearing filter feeders, asymmetrical (or radial symmetry), no true tissues, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction via budding and fragmentation, aquatic environments mostly marine, adult sessile

A

sponges

45
Q

In Cnidarians, like cells combine to form true ___, an advancement over sponges.

A

tissue layers

46
Q

stinging cells found in the epidermis of cnidarians

A

cnidoblasts

47
Q

tiny barbs contained in cnidoblasts

A

nematocyst

48
Q

a one-way gut with the opening serving as both the mouth and anus

A

gastrovascular cavity

49
Q

extensions of the body wall which surround the mouth in cnidarians

A

tentacles

50
Q

cnidarian body form:

a sessile stalk that holds the tentacles up from the substrate

A

polyp

51
Q

cnidarian body form:

free-swimming with tentacles hanging below the bell shaped body of the organism

A

medusa

52
Q

Name the gonads that Hydra form in the body wall.

A

spermary and ovary

53
Q

cnidoblasts with nematocysts, motile medusa stage and sessile polyp stage, body composed of tissue layers around central axis (radial symmetry), acoelomate (no coelom), incomplete gut (one opening), sexual (gametes) and asexual (budding and fragmentation) reproduction

A

cnidarians

54
Q

3 main classes of flatworms

A

free-living flatworms,
parasitic flukes,
tapeworms

55
Q

flatworm tissues which are arranged in three layers and organized into organ systems

A

true tissues

56
Q

pigmented light-sensitive areas in the head of the worm (Planaria)

A

eyespots

57
Q

a tube that leads into and out of the gastrovascular cavity

A

pharynx

58
Q

leads into the pharynx and two elongated intestines, used when Planaria feed

A

mouth

59
Q

one type of parasitic flatworm;

most have at least two hosts: a mollusk and a vertebrate

A

flukes

60
Q

primary feature of the “head” of flukes, attaches to the host and serves as a mouth leading to the digestive system

A

oral sucker

61
Q

Flukes have 2 elongated ___ which run the length of the body. (a forked gastrovascular cavity)

A

intestines

62
Q

serves for additional attachment in flukes

A

ventral sucker

63
Q

Most flukes are ___, having both male and female organs.

A

hermaphrodites

64
Q

branched sexual organ found near the posterior end of Chlonorchis (Chinese liver fluke)

A

testes

65
Q

one type of parasitic flatworm;

eliminated the mouth and digestive tract, absorbing nourishment and getting rid of waste by diffusion

A

tapeworms

66
Q

hold the tapeworm in the hosts’ intestines

A

hooks or suckers

67
Q

head and neck of tapeworm

A

scolex

68
Q

name for reproductive organs in tapeworms

A

proglottids

69
Q

attached to the scolex, contain underdeveloped reproductive organs (in tapeworms)

A

immature proglottids

70
Q

contain developed reproductive organs where fertilization takes place (in tapeworms)

A

mature proglottids

71
Q

the testes have degenerated and an enlarged uterus is full if fertilized eggs can be easily seen (in tapeworms)

A

gravid proglottids

72
Q

free-living and parasitic, true tissues and organs, bilateral symmetry with cephalization, acoelomate, incomplete forked gut or no gut, reproduction occurs through gametes (monoecious and dioecious)

A

flatworms

73
Q

unsegmented roundworms

A

nematodes

74
Q

intestinal parasite belonging to phylum Nematoda

A

Ascaris

75
Q

parasitic roundworm, usually infests the muscle tissue of pork, can become encysted in the muscles of humans who eat insufficiently cooked pork, has cyst wall

A

Trichinella

BIO 102 Lab (11 decks)

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