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Anatomy Bell Ringer #2 > Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab 8 Flashcards

Mastering the concepts and anatomy of lab eight.

1
Q

What are the primary and secondary curvatures?

A

Primary curvatures - thoracic and sacral

Secondary curvatures - cervical and lumbar

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2
Q

What are the three disorders of the spine?

A

1. Scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine

2. Kyphosis - hunchback

3. Lordosis - swayback

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are there in each section?

A

1. Cervical - 7

2. Thoracic -12

3. Lumbar - 5

4. Sacrum - 1

5. Coccyx - 1

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4
Q

What are the nine parts of the typical vertebrae?

A
  1. Body (anterior)
  2. Pedicles
  3. Laminae
  4. Transverse processes
  5. Spinous processes
  6. Superior articulating facet
  7. Inferior articulating facet
  8. Vertebral arch
  9. Intervertebral foramen
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

A
  1. Transverse foramina
  2. Circular/small body
  3. Triangular vertebral canal
  4. Bifid spinous process
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6
Q

What is special about C1, C2, and C7?

A

1. The Atlas - No body and has superior articulating facets for the occipital condyles and a fovea dentis for the dens

2. The Axis - Dens/Odontoid process

3. The Prominence - Not bifid - Large spinous process

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7
Q

What are the characteristic of thoracic vertebrae?

A
  1. Heart-shaped body
  2. Circular vertebral canal
  3. Demifacets
  4. Inferior/Superior processes in the coronal plane
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of lumbar vertebrae?

A
  1. Hatchet-shaped spinous process
  2. Body shaped like a kidney bean
  3. Triangular vertebral canal
  4. Dull processes
  5. Superior/Inferior articulating processes in the sagittal plane
  6. Thicker than the other vertebrae
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9
Q

What are the seven characteristics of the sacrum?

A
  1. Sacral promontory
  2. Median sacral crest
  3. Sacral canal
  4. Superior articulating process
  5. Sacral formamina
  6. Sacral hiatus
  7. Apex and base
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10
Q

Name the six characteristics of the ribs and where they are.

A
  1. Head (two articulating facets)
  2. Neck
  3. Tubercle (articulating and non-articulating)
  4. Angle
  5. The body
  6. Costal groove that contains the vein, artery, and nerve
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11
Q

What is the difference between the first and second rib?

A
  1. First rib has a scalene tubercle dividing the two grooves and it only articulates with its own vertebra
  2. Second rib has a serratus anterior tuberosity
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12
Q

What makes the tenth rib atypical?

A

Only has one facet.

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13
Q

What makes the eleventh and twelfth rib atypical?

A

They are floating ribs and end in the posterior portion of the back. Also, they only have one facet.

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14
Q

What are the seven characteristics of the sternum?

A
  1. Jugular notch
  2. Clavicular notches
  3. Angle of Lewis
  4. Manubrium
  5. Body
  6. Xiphoid process
  7. Articular facets
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15
Q

Where is the subcostal angle?

A

It can be found along the angle of the costal margin.

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16
Q

Where can we find the pectoralis major and what is its function?

A

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Clavicular and sternal head

Insertion: Humerus on the bicipital groove and deltoid tuberosity

Function: Medial rotation and adduction of the humerus. Additionally, flexion of the humerus.

17
Q

Where can we find the pectoralis minor what is its function?

A

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Rib 3,4,5

Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula

Function: Protracts and depresses scapula

18
Q

Where can we find the serratus anterior what is its function?

A

Serratus Anterior

Origin: Top of ribs 1-9

Insertion: Anterior length of the medial border of the scapula

Function: Upward rotation, abduction, and protraction of the scapula

19
Q

What are the four muscles of the thoracic cage and what do they do?

A

1. External intercostals

Function: Inhalation through elevation of the rib cage

2. Internal intercostals

Function: Exhalation

3. Innermost intercostals

Function: Exhalation

4. Transversus thoracis

Function: Compression of the thoracic cavity and thus, forced exhalation

20
Q

How many domes does the diaphragm have?

A

Has three parts that give rise to two domes.

21
Q

What are the six muscles of the abdomen and what do they do?

A

1. External oblique

Origin: Ribs 5-12

Insertion: Linea alba

Function: Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and lateral rotation

2. Internal oblique

Origin: Hipbone and inguinal ligament

Insertion: Linea alba and ribs 10-12 Function: Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and lateral rotation

3. Transversus abdominis

Origin: Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12

Insertion: Linea alba and xiphoid process

Function: Compresses the abdomen

4. Linea alba

Function: Point of insertion for many muscles

5. Tendinous intersections

Function: Three tendinous divisions

6. Rectus abdominus

Origin: Hipbone

Insertion: Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process

Function: Compresses the abdomen and flexes the vertebral column

Anatomy Bell Ringer #2 (8 decks)

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