Lab 4

Question 1

Name the four parts of the cerebellum.

Answer 1

1. Vermis
2. Two hemispheres
3. Folia
4. Inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 2

What are the three meningeal layers?

Answer 2

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

Question 3

What are the arachnoid villi?

Answer 3

Arachnoid villi lead into the granulations and act as one-way valves. Since pressure in the CSF is normally higher than the venous system, CSF flow through the villi and granulations into the blood.

Question 4

What are the three sections of the brain?

Answer 4

1. Sagittal
2. Frontal
3. Transverse

Question 5

Name three main sulci.

Answer 5

1. Central
2. Lateral
3. Parieto-occipital

Question 6

What are gyri and sulci?

Answer 6

They are the bumps and fissures of the brain.

Question 7

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

Answer 7

1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla Oblongata

Question 9

Where can we find the interventricular foramen?

Answer 9

The interventricular foramen connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.

Question 10

What are the three main parts of the basal ganglia and where can we find them?

Answer 10

1. Caudate nucleus
2. Globus pallidius
3. Putamen

Question 11

What can we find in the pons?

Answer 11

In the pons we can find the fourth ventricle.

Question 12

Where can we find the anterior, posterior, and lateral horns?

Answer 12

These horns are all made of grey matter:

Question 13

Where can we find the hypothalamus?

Answer 13

The hypothalamus can be found below the thalamus. Inferior to the hypothalamus, we can find the pituitary gland.

Question 14

What is the Cauda Equina?

Answer 14

The Cauda Equina is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal rootlets.

Question 15

Where can we find the thalamus?

Answer 15

The thalamus can be found above the brainstem.

Question 16

Where can we find the vertebral and basilar arteries?

Answer 16

The two vertebral arteries come up from the posterior of the brain and merge to form the basilar artery.

Question 17

How long and how wide is the normal human spinal cord?

Answer 17

Length: ~45cm

Width: ~6.4mm-13mm

Question 18

What are the four ventricles and where can we find them in the brain?

Answer 18

1. Two lateral ventricles
2. Third ventricle
3. Fourth ventricle

Question 19

What can we find in the medulla oblongata?

Answer 19

In the medulla oblongata, we can find the pyramids and olives.

Question 20

What is the partition found along the longitudinal fissure called?

Answer 20

Falx Cerebri

Question 21

What is the partition separating the cerebellum from the cerebrum called?

Answer 21

Tentorium Cerebelli

Question 22

What is the internal capsule and where can it be found?

Answer 22

It is a white matter structure that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the lentiform nucleus.

Question 23

Where can you find the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 23

The dural venous sinuses can be found between the endosteal and meningeal layer of the dura mater.

Question 24

Where can we find the epithalamus?

Answer 24

The epithalamus can be found near the posterior of the thalamus and attached to it is the pineal gland.

Question 25

Name the five main lobes and describe where they are.

Answer 25

1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal 4. Occipital 5. Insula

Question 26

What can you find below the arachnoid mater?

Answer 26

The subarachnoid space.

Question 27

Where is the central canal?

Answer 27

The central canal is the longitudinal canal that runs the entire length of the spinal cord and contains CSF.

Question 28

Where can we find the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 28

The cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricle.

Question 29

Name the arteries that make up the circle of Willis

Answer 29

* Anterior cerebral * Anterior communicating * Internal carotid * Posterior communicating * Posterior cerebral

Question 30

How can you tell the structural difference between the anterior median fissure and the posterior median sulcus?

Answer 30

Anterior median fissure is larger and wider than the posterior median sulcus.

Question 31

What is the partition separating the two lobes of the cerebellum called?

Answer 31

Falx Cerebelli

Question 32

Where is the corpus callosum?

Answer 32

It is the connection between the two cerebral hemispheres.

Question 33

What is the Conus Medullaris?

Answer 33

It is a conical lower extremity of the spinal cord.

Question 34

Where can you find the epidural space?

Answer 34

Can be found between the vertebral wall and the dura mater.

Question 35

Where can we find the optic chiasma?

Answer 35

The optic chiasma occurs when both optic nerves cross each other.

Question 36

Where are the white and grey matter relative to each other in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 36

The white matter of the brain is found on the inside, whereas the grey matter is found lining the outside.

Question 37

What can we find in the midbrain?

Answer 37

1. Cerebral aqueducts 2. Cerebral peduncles 3. Superior colliculi 4. Inferior colliculi

Question 38

Where can we find the choroid plexuses?

Answer 38

Choroid plexuses are found in each ventricle.