Lab 4 Flashcards
Mastering the concepts and anatomy of lab four.
Name the four parts of the cerebellum.
- Vermis
- Two hemispheres
- Folia
- Inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles
What are the three meningeal layers?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
What are the arachnoid villi?
Arachnoid villi lead into the granulations and act as one-way valves. Since pressure in the CSF is normally higher than the venous system, CSF flow through the villi and granulations into the blood.
What are the three sections of the brain?
- Sagittal
- Frontal
- Transverse
Name three main sulci.
- Central
- Lateral
- Parieto-occipital
What are gyri and sulci?
They are the bumps and fissures of the brain.
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
Where can we find the interventricular foramen?
The interventricular foramen connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.
What are the three main parts of the basal ganglia and where can we find them?
- Caudate nucleus
- Globus pallidius
- Putamen
What can we find in the pons?
In the pons we can find the fourth ventricle.
Where can we find the anterior, posterior, and lateral horns?
These horns are all made of grey matter:
Where can we find the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus can be found below the thalamus. Inferior to the hypothalamus, we can find the pituitary gland.
What is the Cauda Equina?
The Cauda Equina is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal rootlets.
Where can we find the thalamus?
The thalamus can be found above the brainstem.
Where can we find the vertebral and basilar arteries?
The two vertebral arteries come up from the posterior of the brain and merge to form the basilar artery.
How long and how wide is the normal human spinal cord?
Length: ~45cm
Width: ~6.4mm-13mm
What are the four ventricles and where can we find them in the brain?
- Two lateral ventricles
- Third ventricle
- Fourth ventricle
What can we find in the medulla oblongata?
In the medulla oblongata, we can find the pyramids and olives.
What is the partition found along the longitudinal fissure called?
Falx Cerebri
What is the partition separating the cerebellum from the cerebrum called?
Tentorium Cerebelli
What is the internal capsule and where can it be found?
It is a white matter structure that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the lentiform nucleus.
Where can you find the dural venous sinuses?
The dural venous sinuses can be found between the endosteal and meningeal layer of the dura mater.
Where can we find the epithalamus?
The epithalamus can be found near the posterior of the thalamus and attached to it is the pineal gland.
Name the five main lobes and describe where they are.
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Insula
What can you find below the arachnoid mater?
The subarachnoid space.
Where is the central canal?
The central canal is the longitudinal canal that runs the entire length of the spinal cord and contains CSF.
Where can we find the cerebral aqueduct?
The cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricle.
Name the arteries that make up the circle of Willis
- Anterior cerebral
- Anterior communicating
- Internal carotid
- Posterior communicating
- Posterior cerebral
How can you tell the structural difference between the anterior median fissure and the posterior median sulcus?
Anterior median fissure is larger and wider than the posterior median sulcus.
What is the partition separating the two lobes of the cerebellum called?
Falx Cerebelli
Where is the corpus callosum?
It is the connection between the two cerebral hemispheres.
What is the Conus Medullaris?
It is a conical lower extremity of the spinal cord.
Where can you find the epidural space?
Can be found between the vertebral wall and the dura mater.
Where can we find the optic chiasma?
The optic chiasma occurs when both optic nerves cross each other.
Where are the white and grey matter relative to each other in the cerebral cortex?
The white matter of the brain is found on the inside, whereas the grey matter is found lining the outside.
What can we find in the midbrain?
- Cerebral aqueducts
- Cerebral peduncles
- Superior colliculi
- Inferior colliculi
Where can we find the choroid plexuses?
Choroid plexuses are found in each ventricle.
