Lab 8 Flashcards
What are some reasons why the organisms described are good models for genetic studies?
Fruit fly, controllable mating, rapid generation time, produces many offspring, little space and OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTICS
What is the Law of Segregation?
Random change of Alleles
A monohybrid cross is?
One trait, hetrozygotes (Ii and Ii)
What is a phenotype
Expressed wit ha single allele
What is incomplete dominance
Intermediate traits, A mix of II and ii traits
A single allele that is visible in a phenotype is said to be?
Homozygous Dominate
Two or more alleles are needed to be visible in a phenotype is said to be?
Homozygous Recessive
What is a heterozygous phenotype
When the alleles have a dominant allele and a recessive allele
What is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring? (i.e. homozygous dominant: heterozygous; homozygous recessive)
1:2:1
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring (i.e dominant: recessive)
3:1
What is the formula for different types of gametes?
2^n, n being hetrozygous pairs Aa,Bb,Cc etc
What is the tip for analyzing pedigrees?
IF two AFFECTED parents produce an UNAFFECTED child, then the trait is DOMINANT.
In contrast,
If two UNAFFECTED parents produce an AFFECTED child, then the trait is recessive. This is only possible if the parents are both heterozygous( Aa) and the child is homozygous recessive (aa)
If limited information do A_
What is the genotype for type A blood?
I^A I^A, or I^A i
What is the genotype for type B blood?
I^B I^B, or I^B i
What is the genotype for type AB blood?
I^A I^B
What is the genotype for type O blood?
i i
What do blood cells have to mark their blood type?
anti GENS
What does the body produce to target foreign enemies such as another blood type
antiBODIES
What happens when you mix two different bloodtypes
Agglutination: The Body produces antibodies against foreign antigens, causing clumping and blocking small blood vessels and leading to fatal consequences
Assume that you are blood type A, What antigens are on the surface of your red blood cells, which antibodies can you produce, and what types of antisera would agglutinate with your blood
antigen A, anti-B antibodies, Anti-A anti serum
How do you tell (+) and (-) blood?
The Rhesus (Rh) factor, Rh+ -> (+) blood, Rh- -> (-) blood
Why does the mother, who is Rh-, produce Rh antibodies when she is pregnant for the second time with a father who is Rh+?
The first time, the body does not recognize the Rhesus factor, but the second time that she is pregnant, the mother’s immune system does recognize the Rhesus factor and begins to make anti-Rh antibodies, which could harm the fetus.
Who is the universal donor?
O-, No antigens for blood, no Rh factor, does not get attacked when transferred.
What is the universal recipient?
AB+, has all antigens and Rh factor and no antibodies attack them. Does not get attacked when receiving blood
