Lab 4 Cells:Microscopic Structure Flashcards
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water diffuses across a membrane from the region of lower solute concentration to the region of higher solute concentration.
What is the function of the cell membrane
Separates the inside and outside of the cell. To control the flow of material going in and out of the cell
What is the function of Nucleus
Houses the genetic information, largest organelle, is highly organized, and contains DNA, surrounded by a double-membrane nuclear envelope
What is the function of the Nucleolus
Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (R -RNA) and the ribosome subunits are assembled.
What is the function of the Nuclear membrane/envelope
The nuclear membrane is a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, The nuclear membrane serves to separate the chromosomes from the cell’s cytoplasm and other contents.
What is the function of ribosomes
Carry out protein synthesis, in either
In the cytosol (liquid part of cytoplasm), (inside the free ribosomes)
or
On the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope (bounded ribosomes)
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Is a biosynthetic factory, a network of interconnected tubules and flattened sacs.
Has bound ribosomes which are involved in the production of proteins. Generally, The ER produces many lipids and proteins used inside and outside the cell
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Is a biosynthetic factory, a network of interconnected tubules and flattened sacs. Mainly involved in the synthesis of lipids, and detoxification, stores calcium ions in muscle cells, and a portion of the smooth ER buds off to produce vesicles that are free to move in the cytosol. Generally, The ER produces many lipids and proteins used inside and outside the cell
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus
Receiving and shipping centre. Has 3 functions;
To further modify proteins and lipids produced in the ER’s (with the help of enzymes)
To sort proteins and lipids as they move to their final destination
To synthesize the cell’s carbohydrates
What is the function of Lysosomes
Digestion Centre, Specialized vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus that break down damaged or unneeded macromolecules
They can degrade protein, nucleic acids, lipids and complex carbohydrates
What is the function of Mitochondria
Are sites of cellular respiration. A metabolic process that generates ATP
They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae
What is the function of centrioles
Two bundles of microtubules found within the centrosomes in animal cells, may help organize microtubule assembly.
What is the function of the cell wall
The cell wall separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment. It also provides shape, support, and protection to the cell and its organelles
Is nonselectively permeable, and allows the flow of water, molecules and other nutrients to access the cell membrane.
What is the function of chloroplast
Found in plant cells or algae. Are sites of photosynthesis, capture the sun’s (light) energy to synthesize simple sugars for use in the plant cell. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane and an internal membrane-bounded compartment called thylakoid (green pancake stacks known as grana)
What is the function of the central vacuole?
Found in plant cells, holds organic compounds and water,
In seeds, cells may contain a large vacuole filled with proteins
In flowers petals or fruits, cells may contain vacuoles that are filled with colourful pigments
Vacuoles may be packed with noxious compounds that protect leaves and stems from being eaten by predators
What is amyloplasts
Organelles that help store starch in plant
What is plasmolysis
When water levels the cell, the central vacuole collapses and the plasma membrane shrinks away from the cell way
What is turgor pressure?
The flowing of water into the cell, causes the central vacuole to fill up and applies pressure from within the cell, to the cell wall. Holds the plasma membrane firmly against the cell wall, giving the cell rigidity and becoming turgid.
What is osmotic pressure?
The amount of force applied to a solution that prevents solvent from moving across a semipermeable membrane. (difference in water levels in the final state between a hypertonic solution and a hypotonic solution.)
