Lab 8 Flashcards
Echinoderms
Marine animals with an endoskeleton consisting of calcareous plates and spines within their skin
what kind of symmetry do echinoderms have
Pentaradial Symmetry
Pentaradial Symmetry
With five arms radiating from a central disc
body plan is
Triploblastic coelomate
Digestive system of Echinoderms is
Tubular Digestive tracts
Unique structural feature of Echinoderms
Have a water vascular System
Water vascular system
Provides the forces for locomotion and Feeding
Explain the water vascular system
Network of canals that extend into each arm and connect to many tiny tube with suckers
Pisaster
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animilia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Phylum: Echinodermata
echnioderms
marine animals with an endoskeleton
what kind of symmetry do echinoderms have
pentaradial symmertry
Pentaradial Symmetry
Five arms radiating from a central disc
What kind of bodyplan do echinoderms have
Triploblastic coelomate
What kind of digestive tract do echinoderms have
Tubular Digestive Tract
What kind of vascular system do echinoderms have
Water vascular system
Pisaster
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animilia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Phylum: Echinodermata
What is water vascular system
Provides the forces necessary for locomotion and feeding
Habitat of Picaster
cold water species
Found in the northwest Pacific Ocean
What does the picaster feed on
mussels, chitons, snails and barnacles
How many arms does the star fish have
5
What are the 5 arms attached to
central disc
Mandreporite
Small light coloured spot on the top surface
It allows water to move in or out of the starfish to keep the pressure within the water vascular system the same as the external environment
Grooves
on the lower surface
What’s within the grooves
Tube feet
Tube feet
Site of Gas exchange and associated with muscles and nerve fibres which allows the starfish to move and manipulate food
Red eye spot
Sensitive to light
Branchiae
Allows for gas exchange
Pedicellariae
Tiny pincers located on the flexible stalks, which clean and protect the surface of starfish
Two kinds of stomachs of Picaster
Pyloric Stomach
Cardiac stomach
where is pyloric stomach located
On top of the cardiac stomach
how does picaster eat
Once the starfish used its powerful tube feet to force open the shells of the prey, the cardiac stomach is everted out of the body to engulf the soft tissues of the prey
Two functions of pyloric stomach
- secrete enzymes into pyloric stomach where digestion occurs
- Serve as a storage site for digested food material
Where does digestion occur in picaster
Pyloric Stomach
Ampullae
Part of the water vascular system
Each ampulla is attached to one tube foot
Friends of Picaster
Sea Cucumber
Symmetry of Phylum Chordata
Bilateral Symmetry
Body plan of Chordata
Triploblastic coelomate
Two groups of Chordata
Invertebrate chordates
Vertebrate chordates
Invertebrate Chordata
A relatively small group of animals within lack a backbone or vertebral column
Vertebrate Chordata
Large group of animals which have a bone
Vertebrates Includes 6 groups
Chondrichytes (Cartilaginous Fish)
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves (Birds)
Mammalia (Mammals)
All chordates have
Notochord
Hollow Dorsal nerve cord
Pharyngeal gill slits
Post anal tail
Perca
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Habitat of perca
Fresh water and marine environments
Body plan of Perca
Bilateral Symmetry
what is perca covered by
Scales
Scales
For protection
Secretes mucus onto the surface of the body. Protects the skin and eases the passage of the fish through the water
Mouth has _________
Upper and lower jaws to engulf the prey
Seeing organs of Perca
Eyes for vision and internal ears for balance and hearing
has 2 pairs of nostrils
What detects chemical changes in water
olfactory sac
Movement of water through of nose of perca
Water moves into the anterior pair of nostrils - Olfactory sac (Chemical detection) and out through the posterior pair of nostrils
How many unpaired fins does perca have
4
4 unpaired fins of perca
2 dorsal
1 anal
1 caudal
operculum of perca
Protects the gills
Swim bladder
Develops embryologically as an outpushing from the pharynx. It helps the fish to get oxygen from the air instead of water
Oesophagus
Tube runs through perca
two types of stomachs of perca
Cardiac Stomach
Pyloric stomach
Chemical digestion occurs at
Pyloric stomach
spleen
Protection and storage of blood cells
Male percas have
2 elongate testes
Female percas
single ovary
What collects deoxygenated blood in the perca
Sinus venosus
Where does blood oxygenation occur
At gills
Steps of circulatory system of perca
- Deoxygenated blood recieved at Sinus Venosus
- Blood moves into atrium
- and then to the ventricle
- Blood is pumped into an expanded artery called bulbus arteriosus which narrows to ventral aorta
- Blood reaches the gills where its oxygenated
What takes oxygenated blood from gills to rest of the body
Dorsal Aorta
What kind of movement does perca use
Undulatory swimming
Uses Axial locomotion
What is locomotion controlled by in perca
Spinal cord
Friends of perca
Shark
The first land vertebrates
Amphibians
Fish movement
Axial locomotion
Use of limbs in locomotion
Appendicular locomotion
Aquatic respiration occurs at
Gills
Land respiration
Lungs
How does the skin stay moist
Mucous glands
Large blood vessels: Important respiratory organ
Epidermis of reptiles has
Stratum corneum
Stratum Corneum
forms a waterproof outer boundary for the epidermis
Overlapping scales are Developed from the epidermis further preventing water loss
In most fish fertilization is
External
Major evolution of reproduction on land
Amniotic shelled egg
Amniotic shelled egg
The egg freed reptiles and birds from their dependence on water for fertilization
4 chambers of mammalia heart
Two atria
Two ventricles
Pathway of blood through the circulatory system
Superior/inferior vena cava - Right Atrium - (Triscuspid valve)- Right atrium - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - (Pulmonary veins) - Left Atrium - (Mitral Valve) - Left ventricle - (Aortic valve) - aorta
Backflow of the heart is prevented by
Pulmonary Valve
