Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 120 > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biotechnology

A

the use of organisms or their components to make or modify products useful to humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

traditional biotechnology

A
  • selective plant and animal breeding

- yeast in fermentation to produce cheese, bread, beer and wine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

modern biotechnology

A

-manipulation of DNA in vitro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Each DNA strand is composed of a series of….

A

nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleotides are composed of…

A
  • nitrogenous base,
  • sugar (deoxyribose)
  • phosphate group (negatively charged)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nucleotides are joined by covalent…..

A

phosphodiester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Between the two strands of DNA, ____________ are formed between ____________________.

A
  • hydrogen bonds

- complementary nitrogenous bases (AT/GC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biological samples collected for DNA analysis must contain ___________ cells.

A

-nucleated (bodily fluids, hair follicle w/ root attached, skin, organs, and bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps in processing and analyzing DNA

A
  • DNA extraction
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Restriction fragment analysis
  • interpreting the results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the 3 solutions used in DNA extraction and describe them.

A
  • sports drink: is isotonic to environment inside the cheek cells so cells will not burst + release DNA prior to collection
  • detergent (cell lysis sol’n): lyses the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane of each cell
  • ethanol: DNA is insoluble in alcohol so it precipitates out of the sol’n into the ethanol layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 ingredients required for PCR

A
  • DNA extract
  • 4 dNTPs (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP)
  • primers
  • DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 steps in each PCR cycle?

A
  • DNA denaturation: heat to separate strands
  • Anneal primers: cool so primers can bond to strands
  • Extend primers: heat to allow DNA polymerase to add dNTPs to the end of the primers (DNA synthesis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the steps in Restriction Fragment Analysis?

A
  • restriction digest

- gel electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Restriction Digest

A

restriction digest of the PCR product

  • a restriction enzyme is added to the PCR product
  • the sol’n is placed in an incubator
  • enzyme cuts theDNA in the PCR product into specific fragment sizes and numbers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes and cuts DNA within the nitrogenous base sequence….

A

GAATTC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

restriction fragments

A

the resulting lengths of DNA from restriction digest

17
Q

gel electrophoresis

A

a process that allows us to separate the restriction fragments produced by each digested PCR product into an ordered group, based upon molecular size differences

18
Q

DNA is _______ charged

A

negatively

19
Q

The principle of gel electrophoresis is based on …

A
  • the negative charge of DNA

- the differences in size of the DNA fragments

20
Q

What is the gel used in gel electrophoresis?

A

-agarose

21
Q

What stain is used in gel electrophoresis and why?

A

-Fast Blast, which can be visualized with white light

22
Q

recombinant DNA

A

when DNA from two different sources are combined into one molecule

23
Q

GMO

A
  • genetically modified organism or transgenic organism

- an organism that has acquired genes through any artificial process, including recombinant DNA technology

24
Q

restriction fragment analysis

A

-process that enables an indirect comparison of nucleotide sequences in diff. amplified DNA samples

25
Q

Th gel is submerged in a chamber containing salt water because….

A

it conducts electricity

26
Q

List and describe 3 examples of modern biotechnology and how they benefit humans.

A
  • insulin is manufactured by inserting the gene for insulin into a plasmid (recombinant DNA) which people take to regulate they blood sugar
  • cells are modified in calfs with genes for producing lysostaphin, a protein that kills staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which leads to mastitis disease in cows.
  • genetic modification of livestock to enable expression of selected genes in their mammary cells like important proteins for dissolving blood clots and treating hemophilia and emphysema are purified from the milk of transgenic animals.
  • tissue culture techniques are used to clone many different kinds of natural and transgenic plants with desirable genetic traits for use agricultural production, forestry and scientific research

Biology 120 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions