Chapter 4: Energy and Enzymes

Question 1

What are the 2 types of energy?

Answer 1

potential and kinetic

Question 2

potentail energy

Answer 2

-stored energy; energy an object has because of its gravitational location or chemical structure

Question 3

kinetic energy

Answer 3

energy possessed by an object in motion

Question 4

the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

• aka, principle of conservation of energy
• energy can be transformed from one to another, or transferred from one place to another, but cannot be destroyed
• ex. waterfall

Question 5

the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

-energy transformations increase disorder (some of the energy is lost and unavailable to do work

Question 6

exergonic reactions

Answer 6

releases free energy (deltaG is negative)

Question 7

endergonic reactions

Answer 7

consumes free energy (deltaG is positive)

Question 8

catabolic pathway reactions

Answer 8

chemical reactions that break down large, complex molecules into smaller, less complex ones (energy is released, exergonic)

Question 9

anabolic pathway reactions

Answer 9

a series of reactions that result in the synthesis of larger, more complex molecules from simpler starting molecules (require energy, endergonic)

Question 10

Describe what occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed

Answer 10

• phosphate bond is broken, resulting in ADP and a molecule or inorganic phosphate
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