Lab 7 Flashcards
functions of adipose tissue
-provides padding, cushions shocks
-insulates (reduce heat loss)
-energy storage
functions of areolar tissue
-cushions organs
-provides support but permits movement
-phagocytes protect against pathogens
histological attribute of adipose tissue
-“chicken wire appearance”
-large pale staining central vacuole contains fat droplet
-displaced adipocyte nuclei (off to the side)
histological attributes of areolar tissue
-loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers
-interspersed fibrocytes
-many immune system cells with larger nuclei
locations of adipose tissue
breasts, buttocks, deep to the skin, padding around eyes and kidneys
locations of areolar tissue
-within and deep to the dermis of the skin
-covered by epithelial lining of digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts
-between muscles
-around joints
-around blood vessels and nerves
locations of dense regular tissue
-tendons (between skeletal muscle and skeleton)
-ligaments (between bones or stabilizing organs)
-covering skeletal muscles
-deep fascae
functions of dense regular tissue
stabilizes bones, provides attachment and conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction of muscles
histological elements of dense regular tissue
-linear arrangement of fibroblast cells with flattened nuclei
-many closely packed collagen fibers
-wave-like arrangement of collagen fibers
location of hyaline cartilage
-between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
-covering articular surfaces of bones
-nasal septum
functions of hyaline cartilage
-provides stiff but flexible support
-reduces friction between bony surfaces
histological features of hyaline cartilage
-“hazy” appearing matrix
-mature chondrocytes lay in lacunae
location of elastic cartilage
-auricle of external ear
-epiglottis
functions of elastic cartilage
-tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape
histological features of elastic cartilage
-scant matrix with many dark staining elastic fibers
-chondrocytes lay in lacunae
locations of fibrocartilage
-pads within knee joint
-intervertebral discs
functions of fibrocartilage
-resists compression
-prevents bone to bone contact
-limits movement
histological features of fibrocartilage
-lacunae arranged in clusters or alternate rows
-fibrous matrix with thick collagen fibers
histological features of skeletal muscle tissue
-single, long, multi-nucleated cells, arranged in parallel rows
-obvious striations
histological features of cardiac muscle tissue
-short branching chains of uni- or bi- nucleated cells
-striated
-intercalated discs
histological features of smooth muscle tissue
-single, uni-nucleated, spindle-shaped cells
-non-striated
- Two-part
muscle
consisting of a
frontal and
occipital belly - Extends from
the forehead to
the back of the
head
Epicranius
- Pulls scalp
forward and
back - Raises
eyebrows - Wrinkles
forehead
Epicranius
Thin muscle
surrounding the
eyelid and rim of
the orbit
Orbicularis
oculi
Closes eyes
Orbicularis
oculi
Multilayered,
muscle of the lips
Orbicularis
oris
Closes lips
(i.e. playing the
trumpet,
whistling, and
kissing)
Orbicularis
oris
Muscle
overlaying
lateral aspect of
the mandible
masseter
- Closes jaw
- Elevates
mandible
masseter
- Main cheek
muscle - Deep to the
masseter - Fibers run
horizontally
buccinator
Compresses
cheek
(i.e. sucking and
whistling)
buccinator
Pair of muscles
extending from
cheekbone to
corner of mouth
zygomaticus
Raises lateral
corners of
mouth
(i.e. smiling)
zygomaticus
- You fell asleep at the table studying for your anatomy practical, and in the morning your roommate opens up
the blinds. The blinding light of the sun causes you to squint.
– Which muscles allow you to do this?
Orbicularis oculi (closes eyes)
- After a long day of classes, you swing by Terrace to grab a burrito and pick up a drink from UTea.
– Which muscles allow you to drink the milk tea through a straw?
Orbicularis Oris (closes
lips) & Buccinator
(sucking)
– Which muscles are used to devour your burrito?
Orbicularis Oris (closes lips) and Masseter (chewing)
- You receive a Canvas announcement saying Practical 1 Grades have been posted. Upon logging in,
you realize your grade is higher than expected. You raise your eyebrows in disbelief, then smile in
happiness.
– Which muscle helps raise eyebrows?
Epicranius (frontal belly elevates eyebrows)
You raise your eyebrows in disbelief, then smile in
happiness.
– Which muscle is used to smile?
Zygomaticus (raises corners of mouth)
Large fan-shaped muscle covering
superior portion of chest
Pectoralis Major
- Adducts arm against
resistance - Rotates arm medially
Pectoralis Major
- Found along anterolateral surface of the neck
- Originating at the medial portion of clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid
Flexes and laterally rotates
the head
Sternocleidomastoid
- Flat, triangular shaped muscle
- Most superficial muscle of posterior thorax
Trapezius
Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and
rotates scapula
trapezius
Thick, rounded shoulder muscle
deltoid
Abducts arm
deltoid
Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back
Latissimus Dorsi
- Extends and adducts arm
- Rotates arms at shoulder
latissimus dorsi
- Strap-like muscle
- Located: along posterior and lateral
aspect of neck deep to trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Elevates scapula
Levator Scapulae
●You see somebody cheating on the practical exam. In disagreement, you
cross your arms and shake your head no. What muscles are involved in…
○ Shaking your head no
Sternocleidomastoid (rotating head)
●You see somebody cheating on the practical exam. In disagreement, you
cross your arms and shake your head no. What muscles are involved in…
Crossing your arms
Pectoralis Major (rotating arms medially)
●You have finished the bell ringer and throw up your hands to celebrate. What muscle is
involved in lifting your arms up?
Deltoids (abducting)
● As you’re approaching a crosswalk, you notice a car approaching fast. The person in front of you is
on the phone and doesn’t seem to notice. You grab them with both hands and pull back just
as the car speeds by. What muscles are involved in pulling them out of the way?
Trapezius (retracting scalpula)
Latissimus Dorsi (extending &
rotating arm at shoulder)
● You run into a friend and they complain about the temperatures still
being in the 20s. You shrug and say “it be like that sometimes.” What
muscles do you use to shrug?
Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
- Medial muscle pair
- Extends from pubis to rib
cage (vertically)
Rectus
Abdominis
Flex and rotate lumbar
region of vertebral
column
(i.e. crunches)
Rectus
Abdominis
- Largest/most superficial
of the three lateral
muscles; - Fibers run downward and
medially
External
Oblique
- Flex vertebral column
- Compress abdominal
wall - Aid in: Rotation of
trunk; Lateral flexion
of body
(i.e russian twists)
External
Oblique
Motor fibers run upward and
medially
Internal
Oblique
Same action as
external
oblique
Internal
Oblique
- Deepest muscle of
abdominal wall - Fibers run horizontally
Transversus
Abdominis
Compresses
abdominal
contents
Transversus
Abdominis
●You wake up to your alarm at 10 am on April 2nd, the first day of Spring break.
You sleepily twist around to turn it off and fall back asleep before getting up at 1
pm. What muscles are used to…
○ Twist for the alarm?
Internal and External Obliques (rotate trunk)
●You wake up to your alarm at 10 am on April 2nd, the first day of Spring break.
You sleepily twist around to turn it off and fall back asleep before getting up at 1
pm. What muscles are used to…
○ Getting up (eventually)
Rectus Abdominis (flex and rotate lumbar spine)
●The spring is slowly arriving! All those instagram “influencers” you see are pulling
their bellies in to try to flatten their waists by using what muscle?
Transversus Abdominis (Compress abdominal contents)
Two-headed fusiform
muscle
* Short head and long
head
Biceps
Brachii
- Flexes elbow
joint - Supinates
forearm
Biceps
Brachii
- Only muscle in
posterior compartment
of arm - Composed of lateral,
long, and medial head
Triceps
Extends forearm
Triceps
Anterior superficial
muscle of forearm
Pronator
Teres
Pronates
forearm
Pronator
Teres
Superficial muscle
of lateral forearm
Brachioradialis
Aids in
flexion of
forearm
Brachioradialis
●You look outside and the sun is shining in Ithaca! You decide to go and study
outside, so you grab some chips and head out. What muscles are used in…
○ Twisting the door knob
Pronator Teres (Pronates forearm) and Biceps Brachii
(Flexes elbow joint supinates forearm)
You look outside and the sun is shining in Ithaca! You decide to go and study
outside, so you grab some chips and head out. What muscles are used in…
○ Lifting your chips up to your mouth
Biceps Brachii (Flexes elbow), Brachioradialis (flexion of
forearm
● You’re trying to stick to your diet, but your roommate shows up
with a box of Insomnia Cookies. Unable to resist, you reach out
and grab a peanut butter cookie! What muscle is being used
to extend your arm?
Triceps (Extends forearm)
Large muscle group in the
medial compartment of the
thigh
1. __ Magnus
2. __ Longus
3. __ Brevis (deep to
__ longus)
Adductors
Adducts and rotates thigh
(i.e. crossing legs)
Adductors
- Arises from four separate
heads - Located in the anterior
compartment of the thigh.
1. Rectus Femoris
2. Vastus Lateralis
3. Vastus Medialis
4. Vastus Intermedius (deep)
Quadriceps
Femoris
Powerful knee extensor
(i.e. kicking a ball)
Quadriceps
Femoris
Strap-like superficial
muscle
* Runs obliquely in anterior
compartment of thigh
Sartorius
- Flexes, abducts, and
laterally rotates thigh - Flexes knee (i.e.
crossing your legs)
Sartorius
Largest and most superficial of
gluteal muscles.
Forms bulk of buttocks
Gluteus
Maximus
Major extensor
of thigh
(i.e. skating)
Gluteus
Maximus
Muscle group of posterior
compartment of thigh
1) Biceps femoris (lateral)
2) Semitendinosus
3) Semimembranosus
hamstrings
Extends thigh
and flexes knee
(i.e. winding up
to kick a ball)
Hamstrings
Superficial muscle of the
anterior leg, runs lateral to tibia
Tibialis
Anterior
Dorsiflexion of the
ankle (i.e. tapping foot
up)
Tibialis
Anterior
Muscle pair that shapes
posterior aspect of the calf
1) Gastrocnemius (Lateral and
Medial Heads)
2) Soleus
Triceps
Surae
Plantar flexion of the
ankle
(i.e. tapping foot down)
triceps surae
