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A&P lab > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

functions of adipose tissue

A

-provides padding, cushions shocks
-insulates (reduce heat loss)
-energy storage

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2
Q

functions of areolar tissue

A

-cushions organs
-provides support but permits movement
-phagocytes protect against pathogens

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3
Q

histological attribute of adipose tissue

A

-“chicken wire appearance”
-large pale staining central vacuole contains fat droplet
-displaced adipocyte nuclei (off to the side)

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4
Q

histological attributes of areolar tissue

A

-loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers
-interspersed fibrocytes
-many immune system cells with larger nuclei

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5
Q

locations of adipose tissue

A

breasts, buttocks, deep to the skin, padding around eyes and kidneys

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6
Q

locations of areolar tissue

A

-within and deep to the dermis of the skin
-covered by epithelial lining of digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts
-between muscles
-around joints
-around blood vessels and nerves

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7
Q

locations of dense regular tissue

A

-tendons (between skeletal muscle and skeleton)
-ligaments (between bones or stabilizing organs)
-covering skeletal muscles
-deep fascae

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8
Q

functions of dense regular tissue

A

stabilizes bones, provides attachment and conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction of muscles

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9
Q

histological elements of dense regular tissue

A

-linear arrangement of fibroblast cells with flattened nuclei
-many closely packed collagen fibers
-wave-like arrangement of collagen fibers

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10
Q

location of hyaline cartilage

A

-between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
-covering articular surfaces of bones
-nasal septum

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11
Q

functions of hyaline cartilage

A

-provides stiff but flexible support
-reduces friction between bony surfaces

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12
Q

histological features of hyaline cartilage

A

-“hazy” appearing matrix
-mature chondrocytes lay in lacunae

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13
Q

location of elastic cartilage

A

-auricle of external ear
-epiglottis

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14
Q

functions of elastic cartilage

A

-tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape

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15
Q

histological features of elastic cartilage

A

-scant matrix with many dark staining elastic fibers
-chondrocytes lay in lacunae

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16
Q

locations of fibrocartilage

A

-pads within knee joint
-intervertebral discs

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17
Q

functions of fibrocartilage

A

-resists compression
-prevents bone to bone contact
-limits movement

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18
Q

histological features of fibrocartilage

A

-lacunae arranged in clusters or alternate rows
-fibrous matrix with thick collagen fibers

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19
Q

histological features of skeletal muscle tissue

A

-single, long, multi-nucleated cells, arranged in parallel rows
-obvious striations

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20
Q

histological features of cardiac muscle tissue

A

-short branching chains of uni- or bi- nucleated cells
-striated
-intercalated discs

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21
Q

histological features of smooth muscle tissue

A

-single, uni-nucleated, spindle-shaped cells
-non-striated

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22
Q
  • Two-part
    muscle
    consisting of a
    frontal and
    occipital belly
  • Extends from
    the forehead to
    the back of the
    head
A

Epicranius

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23
Q
  • Pulls scalp
    forward and
    back
  • Raises
    eyebrows
  • Wrinkles
    forehead
A

Epicranius

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24
Q

Thin muscle
surrounding the
eyelid and rim of
the orbit

A

Orbicularis
oculi

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25
Q

Closes eyes

A

Orbicularis
oculi

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26
Q

Multilayered,
muscle of the lips

A

Orbicularis
oris

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27
Q

Closes lips
(i.e. playing the
trumpet,
whistling, and
kissing)

A

Orbicularis
oris

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28
Q

Muscle
overlaying
lateral aspect of
the mandible

A

masseter

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29
Q
  • Closes jaw
  • Elevates
    mandible
A

masseter

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30
Q
  • Main cheek
    muscle
  • Deep to the
    masseter
  • Fibers run
    horizontally
A

buccinator

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31
Q

Compresses
cheek
(i.e. sucking and
whistling)

A

buccinator

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32
Q

Pair of muscles
extending from
cheekbone to
corner of mouth

A

zygomaticus

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33
Q

Raises lateral
corners of
mouth
(i.e. smiling)

A

zygomaticus

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34
Q
  • You fell asleep at the table studying for your anatomy practical, and in the morning your roommate opens up
    the blinds. The blinding light of the sun causes you to squint.
    – Which muscles allow you to do this?
A

Orbicularis oculi (closes eyes)

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35
Q
  • After a long day of classes, you swing by Terrace to grab a burrito and pick up a drink from UTea.
    – Which muscles allow you to drink the milk tea through a straw?
A

Orbicularis Oris (closes
lips) & Buccinator
(sucking)

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36
Q

– Which muscles are used to devour your burrito?

A

Orbicularis Oris (closes lips) and Masseter (chewing)

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37
Q
  • You receive a Canvas announcement saying Practical 1 Grades have been posted. Upon logging in,
    you realize your grade is higher than expected. You raise your eyebrows in disbelief, then smile in
    happiness.
    – Which muscle helps raise eyebrows?
A

Epicranius (frontal belly elevates eyebrows)

38
Q

You raise your eyebrows in disbelief, then smile in
happiness.
– Which muscle is used to smile?

A

Zygomaticus (raises corners of mouth)

39
Q

Large fan-shaped muscle covering
superior portion of chest

A

Pectoralis Major

40
Q
  • Adducts arm against
    resistance
  • Rotates arm medially
A

Pectoralis Major

41
Q
  • Found along anterolateral surface of the neck
  • Originating at the medial portion of clavicle
A

Sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

Flexes and laterally rotates
the head

A

Sternocleidomastoid

43
Q
  • Flat, triangular shaped muscle
  • Most superficial muscle of posterior thorax
A

Trapezius

44
Q

Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and
rotates scapula

A

trapezius

45
Q

Thick, rounded shoulder muscle

A

deltoid

46
Q

Abducts arm

A

deltoid

47
Q

Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back

A

Latissimus Dorsi

48
Q
  • Extends and adducts arm
  • Rotates arms at shoulder
A

latissimus dorsi

49
Q
  • Strap-like muscle
  • Located: along posterior and lateral
    aspect of neck deep to trapezius
A

Levator Scapulae

50
Q

Elevates scapula

A

Levator Scapulae

51
Q

●You see somebody cheating on the practical exam. In disagreement, you
cross your arms and shake your head no. What muscles are involved in…
○ Shaking your head no

A

Sternocleidomastoid (rotating head)

52
Q

●You see somebody cheating on the practical exam. In disagreement, you
cross your arms and shake your head no. What muscles are involved in…
Crossing your arms

A

Pectoralis Major (rotating arms medially)

53
Q

●You have finished the bell ringer and throw up your hands to celebrate. What muscle is
involved in lifting your arms up?

A

Deltoids (abducting)

54
Q

● As you’re approaching a crosswalk, you notice a car approaching fast. The person in front of you is
on the phone and doesn’t seem to notice. You grab them with both hands and pull back just
as the car speeds by. What muscles are involved in pulling them out of the way?

A

Trapezius (retracting scalpula)
Latissimus Dorsi (extending &
rotating arm at shoulder)

55
Q

● You run into a friend and they complain about the temperatures still
being in the 20s. You shrug and say “it be like that sometimes.” What
muscles do you use to shrug?

A

Trapezius
Levator Scapulae

56
Q
  • Medial muscle pair
  • Extends from pubis to rib
    cage (vertically)
A

Rectus
Abdominis

57
Q

Flex and rotate lumbar
region of vertebral
column
(i.e. crunches)

A

Rectus
Abdominis

58
Q
  • Largest/most superficial
    of the three lateral
    muscles;
  • Fibers run downward and
    medially
A

External
Oblique

59
Q
  • Flex vertebral column
  • Compress abdominal
    wall
  • Aid in: Rotation of
    trunk; Lateral flexion
    of body
    (i.e russian twists)
A

External
Oblique

60
Q

Motor fibers run upward and
medially

A

Internal
Oblique

61
Q

Same action as
external
oblique

A

Internal
Oblique

62
Q
  • Deepest muscle of
    abdominal wall
  • Fibers run horizontally
A

Transversus
Abdominis

63
Q

Compresses
abdominal
contents

A

Transversus
Abdominis

64
Q

●You wake up to your alarm at 10 am on April 2nd, the first day of Spring break.
You sleepily twist around to turn it off and fall back asleep before getting up at 1
pm. What muscles are used to…
○ Twist for the alarm?

A

Internal and External Obliques (rotate trunk)

65
Q

●You wake up to your alarm at 10 am on April 2nd, the first day of Spring break.
You sleepily twist around to turn it off and fall back asleep before getting up at 1
pm. What muscles are used to…
○ Getting up (eventually)

A

Rectus Abdominis (flex and rotate lumbar spine)

66
Q

●The spring is slowly arriving! All those instagram “influencers” you see are pulling
their bellies in to try to flatten their waists by using what muscle?

A

Transversus Abdominis (Compress abdominal contents)

67
Q

Two-headed fusiform
muscle
* Short head and long
head

A

Biceps
Brachii

68
Q
  • Flexes elbow
    joint
  • Supinates
    forearm
A

Biceps
Brachii

69
Q
  • Only muscle in
    posterior compartment
    of arm
  • Composed of lateral,
    long, and medial head
A

Triceps

70
Q

Extends forearm

A

Triceps

71
Q

Anterior superficial
muscle of forearm

A

Pronator
Teres

72
Q

Pronates
forearm

A

Pronator
Teres

73
Q

Superficial muscle
of lateral forearm

A

Brachioradialis

74
Q

Aids in
flexion of
forearm

A

Brachioradialis

75
Q

●You look outside and the sun is shining in Ithaca! You decide to go and study
outside, so you grab some chips and head out. What muscles are used in…
○ Twisting the door knob

A

Pronator Teres (Pronates forearm) and Biceps Brachii
(Flexes elbow joint supinates forearm)

76
Q

You look outside and the sun is shining in Ithaca! You decide to go and study
outside, so you grab some chips and head out. What muscles are used in…
○ Lifting your chips up to your mouth

A

Biceps Brachii (Flexes elbow), Brachioradialis (flexion of
forearm

77
Q

● You’re trying to stick to your diet, but your roommate shows up
with a box of Insomnia Cookies. Unable to resist, you reach out
and grab a peanut butter cookie! What muscle is being used
to extend your arm?

A

Triceps (Extends forearm)

78
Q

Large muscle group in the
medial compartment of the
thigh
1. __ Magnus
2. __ Longus
3. __ Brevis (deep to
__ longus)

A

Adductors

79
Q

Adducts and rotates thigh
(i.e. crossing legs)

A

Adductors

80
Q
  • Arises from four separate
    heads
  • Located in the anterior
    compartment of the thigh.
    1. Rectus Femoris
    2. Vastus Lateralis
    3. Vastus Medialis
    4. Vastus Intermedius (deep)
A

Quadriceps
Femoris

81
Q

Powerful knee extensor
(i.e. kicking a ball)

A

Quadriceps
Femoris

82
Q

Strap-like superficial
muscle
* Runs obliquely in anterior
compartment of thigh

A

Sartorius

83
Q
  • Flexes, abducts, and
    laterally rotates thigh
  • Flexes knee (i.e.
    crossing your legs)
A

Sartorius

84
Q

Largest and most superficial of
gluteal muscles.
Forms bulk of buttocks

A

Gluteus
Maximus

85
Q

Major extensor
of thigh
(i.e. skating)

A

Gluteus
Maximus

86
Q

Muscle group of posterior
compartment of thigh
1) Biceps femoris (lateral)
2) Semitendinosus
3) Semimembranosus

A

hamstrings

87
Q

Extends thigh
and flexes knee
(i.e. winding up
to kick a ball)

A

Hamstrings

88
Q

Superficial muscle of the
anterior leg, runs lateral to tibia

A

Tibialis
Anterior

89
Q

Dorsiflexion of the
ankle (i.e. tapping foot
up)

A

Tibialis
Anterior

90
Q

Muscle pair that shapes
posterior aspect of the calf
1) Gastrocnemius (Lateral and
Medial Heads)
2) Soleus

A

Triceps
Surae

91
Q

Plantar flexion of the
ankle
(i.e. tapping foot down)

A

triceps surae

A&P lab (6 decks)

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