Lab 11

Question 1

chemical digestion in mouth:

Answer 1

salivary amilase and lingual lipase

Question 2

3 salivary glands:

Answer 2

parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands

Question 3

histological features of salivary glands:

Answer 3

• Collection of secretory cells, adipose tissue
  and ducts
• Variable staining secretory cells arranged as acini
  (clusters)
  o Mucus acini
  o Serous acini
• Ducts lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 4

three regions of the pharynx:

what type of muscle is pharynx?

Answer 4

naso-, oro-, and laryngo- (oropharynx receives bolus) and sends to esophogus

skeletal (voluntary swallowing)

Question 5

what type of muscle is esophagus?

Answer 5

smooth (involuntary peristalsis)

Question 6

esophagus runs within the mediastinum and enters the
abdominopelvic cavity through the _____

Answer 6

esophageal hiatus

Question 7

where does the esophagus join the stomach?

Answer 7

at the cardiac
sphincter (valve)

Question 8

Four basic layers (tunics) of the GI tract:

Answer 8

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis Externa
4. Serosa/Adventitia

Question 9

histology of the esophagus

Answer 9

• Star-shaped lumen
• Mucosa─ contains stratified
  squamous epithelium
• Submucosa─ composed of
  areolar connective tissue;
  contains mucus glands
• Muscularis externa─
  composed of circular and
  longitudinal smooth muscle
• Adventitia─ composed of
  connective tissue

Question 10

what kind of digestion happens in the stomach

Answer 10

-enzymatic digestion of proteins by pepsin
-minimal site of absorption (alcohol, meds)
-b12 w intrinsic factor
-HCl
-turns bolus into chyme
-3 smooth muscle layers for peristalsis and churning (oblique, circular and longitudinal)

Question 11

name the specialized cells in the gastric pits of the stomach mucosa:

Answer 11

parietal cells, chief cells, mucous neck cells, and enteroendocrine cells

Question 12

parietal cells secrete

Answer 12

HCl and intrinsic
factor

Question 13

chief cells secrete

Answer 13

Inactive enzyme pepsinogen

Question 14

mucous neck cells secrete

Answer 14

thin mucous

Question 15

enteroendocrine cells secrete

Answer 15

Serotonin, histamine,
somatostatin and
gastrin

Question 16

how does epithelia change at the cardiac sphincter?

Answer 16

changes from stratified squamous in esophagus to simple columnar in stomach

Question 17

histological features of the stomach

Answer 17

simple columnar epithelium at lumen, gastric pits, and gastric glands

Question 18

histological features of the SI

Answer 18

circular folds and villi, and intestinal crypts in the mucosal layer, and lumen lined by simple columnar epithelia with goblet cells (produce mucus)

Question 19

histological features of the duodenum

Answer 19

presence of light-staining brunner’s glands (submucosal duodenal glands) that produce alkaline mucus

Question 20

histological feature of the ileum

Answer 20

dark staining peyer’s patches: lymphatic tissue that protects from pathogens near the ileocecal valve

Question 21

site of appendix:

Answer 21

cecum

Question 22

colon parts

Answer 22

ascending (right side), transverse, descending (left side), sigmoid colon (then into rectum)

Question 23

histological features of the large intestine (colon)

Answer 23

crypts of lieberkuhn; circular and longitudinal muscle layer