Lab 6: Prediction and Prescription Flashcards
“gold standard” for determining cardiorespiratory fitness
VO2 max
what is the most accurate method of determining VO2 max?
measuring oxygen consumption via indirect calorimetry during a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill or bike ergometer
why can knowing your VO2 max be valuable?
for making exercise “prescriptions”
what can exercise intensities be expressed as?
percentage of VO2 max, target heart rate, or in METs
how do exercise tests estimate VO2 max?
by using equations that predict oxygen consumption at a given work rate
what is a common way to measure aerobic capacity with exercise tests? why does this work?
measure exercise or post-exercise heart rate responses at a submaximal workload; this works because there is a positive, linear relationship between heart rate and power output over a wide range of exercise intensities
what is important to keep in mind when measuring heart rate?
steady state heart rate is achieved (HR does not change more than 6 bpm for 2 consecutive minutes)
what kind of graph is made to estimate VO2 max from heart rate?
graph of heart rate vs. VO2 so that the trend on the graph represents the linear rate of heart rate increase per unit of VO2 increase
how will VO2 be determined for this lab?
calculated using regression equations based on work rate on a treadmill or bike ergometer
what range is the linear relationship between heart rate and exercise intensity best determined? a line connecting these points can be used to determine what?
between 120 bpm and 85%max HR; subject’s age-predicted heart rate max
the oxygen consumption associated with the subject’s maximal heart rate is ..
estimated VO2 max
what determines the slope of the HR-VO2 line?
fitness / training status
a more trained individual will have a ____ HR at any given ____.
lower; VO2
a more trained individual will achieve a _____ oxygen consumption before reaching their maximal heart rate
higher
describe the Step Test Recovery Heart Rate
measure HR after performing a 3-minute stepping exercise, the magnitude with which a subject’s heart rate increases is inversely correlated to VO2 max
subjects with a greater aerobic capacity will have a ___ HR following the step test bout than a gender-matched counterpart
lower
what factors do non-exercise regression equations take into account to estimate VO2 max?
age, gender, body composition, and self-reported physical activity levels
why are non-exercise models preferred over exercise models for determining VO2 max?
cost effective and independent from expensive instruments and exercise testing
what is the error in estimations of VO2 max referred to? what does it describe?
standard error of the estimate (SEE); describes how far off (on average) the predicted value is from the actual value
if a SEE of a certain VO2 max is 5 ml/ kg* min, and the predicted VO2 max is 40 ml/ kg *min, then there is a 68% likelihood that the actual VO2 max is between _____ and _____.
35 and 45 ml/kg*min
more useful prediction equations have ____ SEE
smaller
3 assumptions contributing to SEE
1) linearity of the HR-VO2 relationship
2) similar max heart rates based on age
3) constant exercise economy
although the relationship between HR and VO2 is linear, what factors affect the slope of that relationship? how does this influence the predicted VO2 max value?
emotion, hydration, oxygen drift, temperature, diet; this can adversely influence the accuracy of the prediction of the individual’s VO2 max
what is the standard deviation for the average maximal heart rate of individuals that are the same age?
+ or - 10 beats per minute
what is the SEE of VO2 max predictions based on submaximal heart rates?
+ or - 5 ml/kg*min
prescription for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness
exercise 3-5 days per week for 20-60 minutes at 50-85% VO2 reserve (& use large muscle groups)
what is VO2 reserve
the actual physiological range of oxygen consumption for an individual
how is VO2 reserve determined?
taking the difference between resting VO2 and VO2 max
how is heart rate reserve determined?
difference between resting heart rate and max heart rate
when exercise intensities are set based on VO2R, the percent values are approximately equal to ___
%HRR
what are VO2R and HRR methods used for?
to account for variability in fitness; one individual’s 50% HRmax may not represent their 50% VO2 max
how are target VO2R or HRR determined?
multiplying the desired exercise intensity by the reserve, then adding the resting value
what does a MET reflect?
one’s normalized resting metabolic rate; 1 MET = 3.5 ml/kg*min
how is exercise intensity expressed when using METs?
as multiples of the estimated resting metabolic rate
describe the procedure generally
First step: determine two submaximal heart rates on either treadmill or cycle ergometer (one greater than or equal to 120 and the other higher but not exceeding 85% HRmax) — record HR, speed/cadence, and grade/resistance
Second step: use regression equations to calculate normalized submax VO2 for each stage
Third step: perform step-up exercise (22 smp for girls, 24 for boys) for 3 minutes, rest for 5 seconds, count and record your 15-second heart rate, multiply 15-second HR by 4 to calculate recovery HR
Fourth step: use recovery HR to estimate VO2max
