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Lab Exam 2 BIOL 324 > Lab 6-Lycopodiophyta & Monilophyta (Vascular Plants) > Flashcards

Lab 6-Lycopodiophyta & Monilophyta (Vascular Plants) Flashcards

1
Q

A major vascular plant phyla is ____

A

Lycopodiophyta

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2
Q

Lycopodiophyta include two ___ orders and three ___ orders

A

extinct, extant (living)

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3
Q

All plants in Lycopodiophyta have ___ and ___. They have a very simple leaf structure known as a ___

A

roots and stems, microphyll (one vascular bundle)

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4
Q

Selaginellales and Isoetales (Lycopodiophyta) are characterized by having ___ on their microphylls and are ___

A

ligules (tongue-like prtuberance); heterosporous

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5
Q

Lycodiales (Lycopodiophyta) lack ___ and are ___

A

ligules, homosporous (one size spore)

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6
Q

The three extant orders in Lycopodiophyta are

A

1.Lycopodiales
2.Selaginellales
3.Isoetales

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7
Q

Heterosporous means there are spores of two ___ sizes, called ___ and ___

A

different, megaspores, microspores

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8
Q

Microspores grow into the ___ ___

A

male gametophyte

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9
Q

Megaspores grow into the ___ ___

A

female gametophyte

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10
Q

Spores are produced on the ___ of Lycopodiophyta

A

strobili

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11
Q

The fertile leaf that protects the sporangium on club mosses (lycopodiophyta)___. It is often called ___

A

sporophylls, cones

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12
Q

Club mosses (lycopodiophyta) have a reduced ___

A

gametophyte

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13
Q

Where do asexual spores formed in Club mosses (lycopodiophyta)

A

on sporophylls, the leaf that bears sporangia where it happens

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14
Q

Club mosses (lycopodiophyta) are homosporous or heterosporous?

A

homosporous

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15
Q

Is the xylem maturation direction in Club mosses (lycopodiophyta) exarch or endarch?

A

Exarch

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16
Q

What type of stele is present in Club mosses (lycopodiophyta)

A

Protostele

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17
Q

How does the strobilus differ in club mosses compared to Selaginella (lycopodiophyta)?

A

it is reproductive; produces spores! Heterosporous

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18
Q

What habitat can Isoetales (lycopodiophyta) be found in?

A

aquatic

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19
Q

What structure is unique in the sporophylls of Isoetales (lycopodiophyta) compared to Selaginella (lycopodiophyta)?

A

a velum

20
Q

Monilophyta has three orders:

A

whisk ferns (psilotales), horsetails (equisetales), and true ferns (polypodiales)

21
Q

What kind of branching is dichotomous?

A

the simplest

22
Q

Horsetails (equisetales) have only __ order and ___ genus

A

one, one

23
Q

A sporangiophore is a ___

A

branch

24
Q

How do canals form on Horsetails (equisetales) ?

A

internode elongates and tears; forms canals

25
Q

Pith canal on Horsetails (equisetales) comes from the ___ region

A

pith

26
Q

Vallecular canal on Horsetails (equisetales) comes from the ___ region

A

cortex

27
Q

Carinal canal on Horsetails (equisetales) comes from the ___ tissue

A

protoxylem

28
Q

What is the possible function for the canals on Horsetails (equisetales) ?

A

convey water from one node to another?
Water retention, reduction, cavities?

29
Q

What are elators on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

A

cell that is hygroscopic (changes shape in response to moisture in enviroment)

30
Q

What is the function of elators on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

A

spore dispersal

31
Q

Are the elators attached to the spores on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

A

attached to the spore capsule; haploid (2n) elators

32
Q

What happens if water is added to the spores that are dry on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

A

they explode; “dance”

33
Q

The gametophyte of Horsetails (equisetales) still relies on ___ for the sperm to swim to the egg

A

water

34
Q

How is sexual reproduction accomplished in the gametophyte of the Equisetum; Horsetails (equisetales) ?

A

through gametes that get fertilized (bi-sexual); homosporous

35
Q

Ferns are the most ___ of the seedless vascular plants. There are over ___ species

A

derived, 11000

36
Q

Order Polypodiales (ferns) have a sporophyte plant that has an ___ rhizome and roots

A

underground

37
Q

Order Polypodiales (ferns) have highly divided ___ leaves

A

compound

38
Q

Order Polypodiales (ferns); Frond = ___ = ___

A

leaf, megaphyll

39
Q

Order Polypodiales (ferns); pinna =___

A

leaflet

40
Q

Order Polypodiales (ferns); pinnule = ___ of bipinnate leaf

A

leaflet

41
Q

How do new fronds emerge from Order Polypodiales (ferns)

A

they unfurl from crosiers (tightly coiled buds)

42
Q

Sporania on Order Polypodiales (ferns) are usually borne on the ___ fronds in clusters known as ___

A

mature, sori

43
Q

What is the annulus and what is its function on Sword ferns; Order Polypodiales (ferns)

A

a single row of larger cells; for seed dispersal (via catapult)

44
Q

Are ferns in Order Polypodiales (ferns) homosporous or heterosporous?

A

homosporous

45
Q

What is the shape of a single gametophyte (prothallus) in Order Polypodiales (ferns)?

A

heart-shaped

46
Q

Is water still required for the sperm to reach the egg in the gametophyte (prothallus) in Order Polypodiales (ferns)?

A

Yes

Lab Exam 2 BIOL 324 (5 decks)

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