Lab 6: Haemetology Flashcards
Importance/Function of the cardiovascular system?
Pumps blood through blood vessels that extends throughout whole body so that cells can have their nutrient supply and waste removed.
5 ways that blood is important in maintenance of homeostasis:
1) Transports oxygen, nutrients, enzymes, hormones to tissues.
2) Carries CO2 and waste away from tissues.
3) Temp, fluid, electrolyte, pH regulation.
4) Protects body from disease-causing micro organisms.
5) Blood clotting.
Which tissue is blood classified as?
Connective tissue.
What is a hemocytometer?
A device enabling direct enumeration of RBCs (a counting chamber). 4 corners for counting leukocytes, centre for erythrocytes.
Formula for calculating RBCs/mm^3?
RBCs/mm^3 = (Number of RBCs * dilution * 4000) / (Number of squared counted)
Formula for calculating Leukocytes/mm^3?
Leukocytes/mm^3 = (Leukocytes counted) * dilution * 10) / (Number of squares counted in square mm)
Appearance of neutrophils?
Highly lobulated nucleus with light pink granules in cytoplasm.
Appearance of eosinophils?
Bilobed nucleus w/ large dark pink granules in cytoplasm.
Appearance of basophils?
Bilobed nucleus w/ large deep blue granules in cytoplasm.
Appearance of lymphocytes?
Round densely stained nucleus and relatively small amount of pale basophilic agranular cytoplasm, smalled of all WBCs.
Appearance of monocytes?
Large eccentrically placed kidney shaped nucleus w/ agranular cytoplasm, largest of all WBCs.
Condition of having low erythrocyte count and how can you increase count?
Anemia, larger intake of folic acid, vitamins, and IRON - increase RBC and hemoglobin production in bone marrow.
What is a hematocrit test (HCT) and how is it different from erythrocyte counts?
Determines packed cell volume (volume of RBC present in sample) measured by using centrifuge, which separate RBC from WBC and plasma. Packed cell volume determined by percentage of space taken up by RBC. In erythrocyte count, only hemocytometer and microscope are used for counting.
Causes of low hemoglobin concentration?
Problems with bone marrow, malnutrition (need more iron from leafy greens), insufficient amount of erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production), hemorrhage, and hemolysis (lysis of RBCs).
What are factors involved in coagulation?
Proteins that initiate blood to clot (clotting factors). Eg. Prothrombin is a precursor for thrombin which acts on fibrinogen to convert to fibrin for clotting.
What does a longer clotting time indicate?
Problems with one or more of the clotting factors, liver disease, insufficient amount of vitamin K (requirement of factors).
What does high or low leukocyte count indicate?
Leukocytosis (high count) due to AIDS, anemia, leukemia, bone marrow tumors, infections or inflammatory diseases, tissue damage.
Leukopenia (low count) due to problems with bone marrow, collagen-vascular disease, liver or spleen disease.
What is mean cell volume (MCV)?
Measure of avg RBC volume (HCT/RBC count).
What is the mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)?
Aka mean corpuscular Hb, measure of amount of Hb contained by red blood cell. (Hb/RBC count).
What is the mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC)?
Measure of concentration of Hb in red blood cell.
Formula for hematocrit?
HCT = (MCV * RBC) / 10
Formula for Hb concentration?
RBC count * 2-3
Formula for hematocrit test?
Hb * 3
Formula for mean cell Hb?
MCH = (Hb/RBC) *10
