Lab 1: Fetal Pig Flashcards
What is the epitrichium?
Layer of embryonic skin that should be visibly peeling. Lost as hair develops.
How do you determine whether the fetal pig is male or female?
Females - external urogenital opening is ventral to the anus
Males - the external urogenital opening is very small hole posterior to umbilical cord (penis lies under skin), two scrotal sacs are below and ventral to anus.
Why is the fetal pig a good specimen for dissections?
basic anatomy for adult mammals and certain features of fetal body
How do you determine the age of the fetus?
Measure from head to rump (not tail) and compare to chart…
What is the small intestine divided into?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What can you tell me about the duodenum?
duodenum connects to pancreas through pancreatic duct
What can you tell me about the jejunum?
Middle part of small intestine, between duodenum and ileum.
What can you tell me about the ileum?
ileum connects to large intestine, opens to side of colon, forms a blind pouch (cecum)
What is the cecum?
Blind pouch formed by ileum.
What is the External acoustic (auditory) meatus?
Opening of the ear
What are the external nares?
Nostrils
What is mammary papillae?
teats, double rows formed by nips which are present in both sexes.
What is the spiral colon?
first part of large intestine
How is the trunk divided?
Divided into anterior thorax and posterior abdomen.
Which three vessels make up the umbilical cord?
1 umbilical vein + 2 umb arteries.
What do the two lateral pleural cavities contain?
The lungs!
What is the root of the lungs and what is it formed by?
It attaches the lungs to the other structures in the thoracic cavity and is formed by bronchus, pulmonary artery/vein, bronchial artery/veins, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and bronchial lymph nodes.
How is the lung branched? (Beginning with… ending with…)
Trachea - bronchus/bronchi - bronchioles - alveolar sacs
What surrounds the heart? Not the lungs but the…
Pericardium
Which direction is the apex of the heart pointing towards?
The left. (The left ventricle forms the apex).
What are the auricles?
Two ear-like appendages on the ventral surface of the atria.
Which blood vessels drain into the right atrium?
The superior and inferior vena cava.
Which blood vessel arises from the left ventricle?
The dorsal aorta.
What are the first branches of the dorsal aorta?
The coronary arteries.
What is the hepatic vein?
Drains blood from liver to posterior vena cava. (In fetus, umbilical vein passes through liver and connects with one of the larger hepatic veins.)
What is the spleen and is it part of the circulatory system?
Long dark organ to left of stomach, attached by specialized fold in peritoneum. And yes it is.
What is the dura matter?
Tough white membrane under the skull, covers the pia matter.
What is the pia matter?
Thinner, more fragile than dura matter, which covers it.
What separates the cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal groove.
What is the hilum? (urinary system)
Opening on medial border of each kidney to bladder.
Which blood vessels lie laterally to the bladder?
Umbilical arteries.
What does the urethra and the vagina unite to form?
The urogenital sinus, which is a common passage and opens to the outside.
What is located on the external surface at the opening of the urogenital sinus?
The external genital papilla.
What are the labia?
Folds that are lateral boundaries of urogenital sinus, unites ventrally to form genital papilla.
What is the main functions of the circulatory system?
Exchange nutrients and gases in capillary beds of each organ.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of bloodstream and lungs.
What is the main function of the digestive system?
Obtain nutrients by breaking down food and excreting fecal matter.
What is the main function of the urinary system?
Excreting nitrogenous wastes by producing urine.
What is the main function of the reproductive system?
Producing offspring, passing on genes, hormone production.
What is the main function of the nervous system?
Thinking, learning, sensing, motor output, memory, involuntary visceral functions, etc.
Arteries vs. Veins?
Arteries - AWAY from heart. Veins - TOWARDS heart.
Which two structures are the underdogs of the digestive system?
Liver and pancreas.
What are the functions of the ovaries/testes?
Producing germ cells and hormones! HORMONES!
What is a dissection?
When incisions are made into an organism that is no longer alive to examine the internal anatomy.
What is a vivisection?
Performing an operation or dissection on a living organism.
What is the average weight of a newborn cow, pig, human, elephant?
Cow - 27- 40kg depending on breed, Pig - 1.32kg, Human - 3.2kg, Elephant - 72 - 113kg
