Lab 6 Flashcards
define fomite
An inanimate object that i capable of transmitting microbes from one individual to another
Examples of fomite
door handles, money, sink handles, toilet seats, TV remotes, keyboards, mice, restaurant menus, restaurant sale/pepper shakers, dead skin cells in bedding, hair, toe nail clippings
What is HAI
hospital acquired infections by stethoscapes, IV’s, catheters
Transmits better on what type of surface
smooth
Define normal (indigenous) flora or microbiota
Community of microorganisms that normally colonize various non sterile areas of the human body
Normal (indigenous) flora found?
Present in many but not all areas of the body. Includes skin, nose, mouth, pharynx, vagina, lower part of urethra, intestines. Sterile area include organs, blood, urine in bladder.
Members are fairly constant. Offers many benefits including inhibiting pathogen colonization.
What is transient flora?
Present from time to time - variability occurs
SPECIMEN COLLECTION/HANDLING
what is the general procedure?
wash hands before and after collection wear gloves follow directions for sample collection use appropriate sample container transport specimen correctly to lab preserve specimen correctly if not analyzed immediately
SPECIMEN COLLECTION/HANDLING
After collection, specimens have very specific Hold Times and Preservation needs specific to the analytical procedure.
What is Hold Time?
What is Preservation?
Hold Time- the time between sample collection and the point when a sample must be analyzed
Preservation- specific on container, chemical preservatives, storage temp.
Sample containers used for various types of samples include: Throat? Wound? Vagina/penis? Cerebral Spinal Fluid? Urine? Stool/Fecal? Blood? Viruses?
Throat - culturette systems
Wound - culturette systems
Vagina/penis - culturette systems, simple wet prep tube, Aptima Assay tube, Collection-Eze tubes
Cerebral Spinal Fluid - CSF tubes
Urine - orange top collection container
Stool/Fecal - orange top collection container, Para Paks
Blood - BACT/Alert aerobic or anaerobic tubes
Viruses - Remel Microtest
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Where is it collected on adults?
between L3 and L4 in the subarachnoid space
CSF TUBES
How many tubes can be used and what are they for?
Typically 3-4 CSF tubes used. First tube is not typically used for microbiology - allows for flushing debris, blood
Tube 1- chemistry (glucose, protein, protein electrophoresis)
Tube 2- microbiology (Gram’s stain, bacterial, viral, and fungal cultures)
Tube 3- hematology (cell county and differential)
Tube 4- other
Define:
Independent (experimental) variable
It is the one that is purposely manipulated during the experiment, the different temperatures at which urine is held for example. The independent variable affects the DEPENDENT variable typically
Define:
Control variable
It is the one that COULD change but is NOT allowed to. For example, in the urine experiment this would be people doing the colony county plates.
Example: in our lab the same person must do the colony county plates both days for the results to be accurate. In the throat culture experiment the same person’s throat must be swabbed twice
Define:
Dependent variable
It is what you measure in the experiment that was affected by the independent variable.
Example: in our lab the urine experiment this would be the number of colonies after incubation
Define:
Communicable disease
Disease spread from one person to another by: contact with blood or body fluids, breath air born virus, bitten by an insect
Define:
Psychrophile
Cold temp loving, don’t survive above 20 degrees C. No growth or decreased growth
Define:
Mesophile
Moderate temp loving, optimal growth is room temp between 20-45 degrees C. Increased growth
Sterile or Indigenous flora? intestines? CSF? Inner ear? Throat (oropharynx)? Skin? Uterus?
intestines - indigenous CSF - sterile Inner ear - sterile Throat (oropharynx) - indigenous Skin - indigenous Uterus?????
The control sample on the agar plate in the fomite transfer experiment is? Choose one
- touching the agar immediately after handling the fomite.
- touching the agar after washing your hands after handling the fomite
- touching the agar after washing your hands before handling the fomite
- touching the fomite to the agar before it is placed in the beaker containing the microbes
touching the agar after washing your hands before handling the fomite
???
The scientific method requires testing of the hypothesis. This may be done through observation, experimentation, or a combination of the two processes.
True or False?
True
Of the following which is not considered a fomite?
a. hand during a handshake
b. door knob
c. flakes of human skin cells on a shower towel
d. money
e. animal hair on a brush
a hand during a handshake
A fomite is an inamimate object capable of transmitting microbes from one person to another.
On a general basis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens must be anaylzed for microbes within 24hrs of collection, and must be refrigerated if not analyzed immediately.
True or False
False
Which microscope part is used to move the correct objective over the specimen?
X and Y travelling knobs
Condensor adjustment knob
Condensor iris diaphragm
Carefully grasping any of the objectives and swinging the one you want into position
Fine adjustment knob
Revolving turret
Revolving turret
You have just been given a fresh urine specimen from a patient and were planning to set up a urine culture immediately to check numbers of microbes and the identify of any pathogen present. However, your hospital administrator has also asked you to do an experiment to compare the number of bacteria in urine samples after first storing the urine at room temperature and 4C temperature for 24 hours. You set up and experiment using both room temperature and 4C temperature as variables to consider.
Temperature in this situation is considered a/an ____ variable.
a. control
b. independent
c. dependen
independent
Of the following areas, which area of your lab partner are you supposed to sample to obtain a throat culture?
a. palatine tonsils
b. tongue
c. uvula
d. oropharynx
oropharynx
Of the following body sites, which region/area does NOT normally contain indigenous flora?
a. mouth (oral cavity)
b. oropharynx
c. a urine sample that was colllected into a sample container by urination following all recommended procedures.
d. small intestines
e. vagina
f. skin
g. blood
blood
Standard methods allow for storing the urine up to 24 hours in the refrigerator before analysis, because it has been determined that if microbes are present in urine sample, then their total numbers will remain fairly constant……whether you analyzed the sample immediately or had to wait 24 hours.
True or False
True
